That's really helpful! Do you know if I can have both a Solo 401k and a SEP IRA for the same business? And does the contribution limit apply across both plans or separately?

You can have both types of plans, but the contribution limits overlap - they're not separate. The total combined employer contributions across all defined contribution plans (401k, SEP IRA, etc.) can't exceed the annual limit ($61,000 for 2022 or $67,500 if you're eligible for catch-up contributions). If you've already made employer contributions to your Solo 401k for 2022, you'd need to subtract those from the maximum SEP IRA contribution you could make. It gets complicated quickly, which is why having a tax pro run the numbers is usually worth it. The key advantage is that you can still set up and fund a SEP IRA now for 2022, whereas the Solo 401k needed to be established by Dec 31, 2022.

I did this last year. C-corps have some advantages for retirement planning (like the ability to create defined benefit plans with much higher contribution limits), but the tax situation gets WAY more complicated. You're looking at potential double taxation issues that can offset the retirement benefits.

That's an interesting approach I hadn't considered! About how much do you typically underwithhold? And do you just make equal quarterly payments, or is there some calculation involved? I'm intrigued by the idea of having more control over our money throughout the year.

We typically underwithhold by about 15% of our total expected tax liability. For someone in your situation, that might mean underwithholding by around $30,000 total for the year, or $2,500 monthly that stays in your accounts instead of going to the IRS. The quarterly payments don't have to be equal if your income fluctuates, but we keep it simple and just divide our expected shortfall by 4. The payment due dates are April 15, June 15, September 15, and January 15 of the following year. You can make them online at the IRS website using Direct Pay or EFTPS. Just make sure you're meeting that safe harbor of 110% of your previous year's tax liability (since you're over the $150k AGI threshold). That's the easiest way to guarantee no penalties regardless of this year's actual liability.

I use it all the time and find it really accurate, but it's crucial that you include ALL income sources, not just your W-2 jobs. Make sure you're entering things like investment income, rental properties, etc. The other key is to update it quarterly since your situation might change throughout the year.

Do you remember what the monthly payment amount was for your $5,800 balance? I'm trying to figure out if they let you choose how much to pay each month or if they assign an amount.

You generally can choose your monthly payment amount as long as the debt will be paid off within the required timeframe. For amounts under $10,000, that timeframe is 3 years (36 months). So in my case, the minimum payment would have been about $161 per month not including interest and penalties. I actually opted to pay $200 per month to account for the ongoing interest and penalties and to clear the debt faster. They let me choose this amount during the application process. I set up direct debit from my checking account to avoid having to remember to make the payments and to get the lowest setup fee.

Completely agree about filing on time! The failure-to-file penalty is 5% of the unpaid taxes for each month your return is late, up to 25%. The failure-to-pay penalty is much lower at 0.5% per month.

Thank you for pointing this out! He did file on time, he just couldn't pay the full amount at once. I'll definitely suggest he try the online system since that seems to be the consensus here - much easier than trying to call again.

12 Thanks for the suggestion! Would I need any special documentation to prove I actually tried to collect the debt? I have the original contract, all my invoices, and email threads showing I tried to get paid multiple times.

4 Yes, documentation is critical. Keep your original contract, all invoices sent, and especially any communications showing you attempted to collect payment. Also document how you determined the company was bankrupt and the debt uncollectible - like news articles about their shutdown, bankruptcy filings, or bounced emails to company addresses. Form 8949 is typically used for capital losses, but business bad debts can sometimes be reported as short-term capital losses. However, this really depends on your specific situation and whether you're using cash or accrual accounting.

3 Good point! They definitely should have issued a 1099-NEC for payments over $600. If they didn't, you should still report the income you actually received, but that missing 1099 might be another sign the company wasn't following proper business practices.

Does Wave let you export reports that work for tax filing? That's been my biggest pain point.

Yes, you can export expense reports as PDFs or spreadsheets that work well for tax filing. The reports show all the transaction details and categories that match up with Schedule C. You can also generate specific date range reports, like quarterly or annual. The only limitation I've found is that the automatic categorization isn't always perfect, so I do have to go in and correct some entries occasionally. But for a free tool, it's pretty solid and has saved me tons of time compared to my old method of manually tracking everything in spreadsheets.

Oof that's rough. What app are you using now that has the cloud sync? I travel a lot for work and my biggest fear is losing all my trip receipts.