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Something nobody mentioned yet - check if you're still considered a tax resident of Sweden under Swedish tax laws. Each country has their own rules for determining when someone stops being a tax resident after moving abroad. Some European countries consider you a tax resident for the entire calendar year even if you move away partway through the year. Others have specific rules about maintaining tax residency for a certain period after departure if you still have significant ties to the country. If Sweden still considers you a tax resident based on their domestic tax laws, that would give you a stronger claim to list Sweden on your W-8BEN.
That's a really good point I hadn't considered. Do you know if there's any downside to claiming Sweden if they still consider me a tax resident? Would I still have tax obligations to Sweden even though I'm now living in the US?
Yes, that's the potential catch - if Sweden still considers you a tax resident, you might have ongoing tax filing obligations there. Sweden, like many countries, taxes its residents on worldwide income. However, there's a tax treaty between the US and Sweden that prevents double taxation. The treaty typically assigns primary taxing rights to the country where you're physically performing work (the US in your case for your PhD stipend), but investment income like dividends can be more complicated. The treaty usually reduces withholding rates, but you might need to report the income in both countries. I'd recommend checking the Skatteverket (Swedish Tax Agency) website or contacting them directly about your specific situation to understand if and when your tax residency in Sweden officially ends.
Just to add a practical perspective - I'm a German citizen who lived in France before moving to the US for grad school. I listed France on my W-8BEN since that's where I last paid taxes and had my permanent address. My university's international student office advised that for F1 students, the "residence" on W-8BEN should generally be where you would return if your F1 status ended, and where you have the strongest ties. They said citizenship is less relevant than your actual tax home.
17 Tell your friend not to panic but he needs to act ASAP. The IRS is actually pretty reasonable with people who come forward voluntarily versus those they have to chase down. He should first request his wage and income transcripts from the IRS to see exactly what's been reported under his SSN. This way he can see if the 7-Eleven errors are documented and what he's actually dealing with. Then file any unfiled returns immediately. Even if he can't pay right away, filing stops the failure-to-file penalties from growing. After that, he can apply for a payment plan based on what he can afford monthly.
2 Does requesting those transcripts trigger any kind of audit or review? My cousin says anytime you contact the IRS directly you're putting yourself on their radar for an audit. Is that true?
17 Requesting your wage and income transcripts absolutely does not trigger an audit or special review. That's a common misconception. These transcripts are your right as a taxpayer and millions of people request them every year for perfectly routine reasons. The IRS selects returns for audit based on specific statistical formulas looking for outliers and unusual patterns, not because someone requested their own information. In fact, being proactive about your tax situation by requesting transcripts and filing accurately is more likely to help you stay off the audit radar.
8 One thing nobody mentioned - if your friend's W-2 was actually incorrect, he might not even owe as much as he thinks! When my previous employer screwed up my W-2, they reported that I made about $8000 more than I actually did. What tax software did your friend use? Some of them have audit protection or tax professional assistance if you get into trouble. Might be worth checking if he can still access that.
1 Not sure what software he used, but that's a good point about the W-2 possibly being wrong. How would he even go about proving that though? 7-Eleven probably isn't going to just admit they made a mistake, especially 2 years later.
Another option - check if your state's Secretary of State website has a business entity search. You can usually look up the company and find their EIN or at least their full legal name and address for your records. I had to do this when a client disappeared on me. The information is public record for registered businesses.
That's a fantastic idea! I hadn't thought about checking public records. Would the Secretary of State site definitely have the EIN though? I was under the impression that EINs aren't always public information.
The Secretary of State site won't always have the EIN directly listed, you're right about that. But it will have the company's official registered name, address, and usually the name of the registered agent or owner. Having the full legal entity name is often helpful when reporting on your taxes. With that information, you can also try searching the EDGAR database on the SEC website if it's a larger company, or sometimes even a Google search for "[Company Name] EIN" works because companies often put their EIN on various public documents. Local business licenses sometimes include this info too.
Why not just report what you think you earned on Schedule C? The IRS probably won't even notice if your estimate is reasonably close to what the company reports. I've had missing 1099s before and just guessed the amount based on what I remembered making. Never had an issue.
Just wanted to add - if you're using TurboTax, there's a way to double-check if you've accidentally been claiming the home office deduction as a W2 employee. Go to the "Tax Tools" menu, then select "View" and click "1040 View" to see your actual tax forms. Look for Schedule C - if that form shows up but you're not self-employed, that's a red flag that something was entered incorrectly. Also check Schedule A for past returns (pre-2018) to see if you were claiming it as an itemized deduction back then, which would have been correct at that time. The interface changed around 2018-2019 which might explain why people kept entering it the same way without realizing the law changed.
This is super helpful! I just checked my draft 2024 return and found Schedule C was there even though I'm purely W2. When I dug deeper, turns out I had checked a box about "online selling" because I sold some old furniture on Facebook Marketplace. TurboTax was treating that as self-employment and letting me allocate home office space to that "business." Would this tiny amount of selling stuff online actually qualify for home office?
For casual selling of personal items like furniture on Facebook Marketplace, that's typically not considered self-employment and wouldn't qualify for home office deduction. The IRS generally views that as selling personal items at a loss (since you're selling used items for less than you paid). For a home office deduction to be valid for self-employment, you need regular and exclusive use of the space for business purposes, and the activity needs to have a profit motive with regular, ongoing activity. Occasional selling of personal items doesn't meet those criteria. You should uncheck that box if you're not actually running a business with intent to make profit.
Watch out when fixing this in TurboTax! When I realized I'd been incorrectly getting home office deductions as a W2 employee, I went back and changed my filing status but then TurboTax recalculated and suddenly said I owed $3800 more!! Turned out changing that one setting cascaded into other deductions. Anyone else have this happen??
Same thing happened to me! The home office change affected my total itemized deductions which made them less than the standard deduction, so TurboTax switched me to standard. But then that made some of my state deductions invalid. It was a whole domino effect. Ended up owing about $2450 more than my original calculation.
Fatima Al-Sayed
15 Since you're getting married in October, remember that your marital status on December 31st determines your filing status for the ENTIRE year. So you'll be considered married for the whole 2024 tax year, even though you're only married for a couple months. Also, with your income levels, watch out for the 0.9% Additional Medicare Tax that kicks in for high-income earners. Filing jointly might affect when this tax applies to your income.
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Fatima Al-Sayed
β’8 Wait really? So even if they get married on December 31, they're considered married for the WHOLE tax year? That seems weird... does that mean you could strategic time your wedding for tax purposes?
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Fatima Al-Sayed
β’15 Yes, that's exactly right. The IRS only cares about your marital status on the last day of the year. If you're married on December 31st, you're considered married for the entire tax year. And yes, some people do strategically time their weddings for tax purposes, though I wouldn't recommend making such an important life decision solely based on taxes! But it's something to be aware of as you plan. In some cases, delaying a December wedding to January could be beneficial, while in other situations (like the original poster's with disparate incomes), getting married before year-end might save money.
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Fatima Al-Sayed
24 Looking at the numbers you provided - you've paid $105k federal on $567k income, which is about 18.5%. That's actually slightly LOW for your income bracket, especially considering your bonus which was probably withheld at a lower rate than it should have been. You might want to make an estimated tax payment before year-end to avoid underpayment penalties.
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Fatima Al-Sayed
β’2 I disagree - their withholding seems reasonable. The effective tax rate for someone earning around $570k would be close to 20% after deductions, and they're at 18.5% with a quarter of the year left. They're probably on track.
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