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Since you're renting half of a duplex where you live in the other half, you should look into whether this qualifies as a "dwelling unit used as a home" under IRS rules. This classification affects how expenses are allocated and deducted. When you use a dwelling unit for both personal and rental purposes, expenses have to be allocated based on time or space. For a duplex where half is your residence and half is Airbnb, you'd usually allocate based on square footage. So mortgage interest, property taxes, utilities, internet, etc. would be split accordingly. Also, if you're actively managing the property (screening guests, handling turnovers, etc.), this could potentially be considered "material participation" which has different tax implications than passive rental income.
So if I understand right, for a 50/50 split duplex, I could deduct 50% of common expenses for the business side? What about stuff that's only for the rental side like furniture, cleaning between guests, etc? Are those 100% deductible?
One thing to consider that hasn't been mentioned yet - since you're doing short-term rentals (Airbnb), you'll likely need to deal with local occupancy taxes and business licensing requirements that vary significantly by city and county. Many jurisdictions require separate business licenses for short-term rentals, and some have caps on the number of days you can rent or require special permits. For the LLC timing question, I'd actually recommend getting it set up ASAP, not just for liability protection but because many local licensing authorities want to see a registered business entity when you apply for STR permits. Having your LLC established first makes the licensing process smoother. Also, don't forget about sales tax implications - in many states, short-term rentals under 30 days are subject to sales tax collection and remittance, which is different from traditional long-term rental properties. The LLC can help keep these tax obligations separate from your personal finances and make compliance easier to track.
Great point about the local requirements! I'm just getting started with this whole process and hadn't even thought about occupancy taxes or business licenses. Do you know if there's a good way to research what specific requirements apply in my area? I'm worried about accidentally operating without the right permits and getting hit with fines or having to shut down before I even get going. Also, when you mention sales tax collection - does that mean I'd need to charge guests extra tax on top of what Airbnb already collects, or does Airbnb handle that automatically in most places?
A word of caution - I tried something similar and got audited. Make sure ANY property transfer to an LLC is done at fair market value with proper documentation. The IRS scrutinizes these transactions heavily because they're often used just for tax purposes. Also, putting properties in an irrevocable trust has MAJOR implications. You basically give up ownership and control. Don't do this without consulting an estate planning attorney who specializes in this area! The tax implications alone are complex.
Be very careful about the mortgage implications of transferring to an LLC. Most residential mortgages have a "due on sale" clause that can be triggered by transferring the property to an LLC, even if you own the LLC. This could force you to pay off the entire mortgage immediately or refinance at potentially higher commercial rates. I'd strongly recommend getting written approval from your lender before making any transfers. Some lenders will work with you, but many won't allow it without refinancing as a commercial loan, which typically has higher rates and different terms. Also, don't overlook the potential impact on your homeowners insurance. Many policies don't cover properties owned by LLCs, so you might need to switch to a landlord policy, which is usually more expensive. The tax strategy might work, but make sure you can actually execute it practically with your current mortgage and insurance situation first.
This is such an important point that often gets overlooked! I learned this the hard way when I was exploring a similar strategy. My lender made it very clear that any transfer to an LLC would trigger the due-on-sale clause, even though I would still be the owner of the LLC. What's particularly tricky is that some people think they can just not tell their lender, but that's risky because most loan agreements require you to notify them of ownership changes. If they find out later (which they often do through title searches or insurance changes), they can demand immediate payment of the full loan balance. The commercial refinancing route can be expensive too - not just higher rates, but also different down payment requirements, shorter amortization periods, and sometimes personal guarantees even with an LLC structure. Definitely worth getting quotes from commercial lenders before committing to this strategy to see if the numbers still make sense after accounting for the higher borrowing costs.
I'm confused about why gross income matters more than AGI for your analysis? Wouldn't AGI be more meaningful since it reflects income after certain necessary adjustments?
I'm specifically looking at how certain tax deductions and adjustments (the ones that reduce gross income to AGI) are distributed across income levels. Using AGI-based statistics masks this because the higher income levels have already had larger deductions applied in many cases. I want to see the true progressivity of the tax code before these adjustments are applied, not after. This gives a more complete picture of who benefits most from certain tax preferences.
Have you considered looking at the IRS's Individual Income Tax Returns Complete Report (Publication 1304) tables in conjunction with their Form 1040 line item statistics? While the main tables focus on AGI, some of the supplementary tables break down specific income components before adjustments. The IRS also publishes detailed line-by-line statistics that show the distribution of various income types (wages, business income, capital gains, etc.) and deductions by income bracket. By combining these with the total income figures, you might be able to reconstruct gross income distributions. Another resource is the Treasury's Office of Tax Analysis - they sometimes publish studies using broader income measures than standard IRS publications. Their distributional analyses occasionally include pre-adjustment income figures that could be what you're looking for.
This is really helpful! I hadn't thought about combining the line-by-line statistics with the main tables. Do you know if the Treasury's Office of Tax Analysis reports are publicly available, or do you need special access? I've been focusing so much on the IRS publications that I completely overlooked Treasury as a potential source. Also, when you mention reconstructing gross income distributions - are you talking about manually adding back the adjustments from the detailed breakdowns? That sounds like it could work but might be pretty labor-intensive depending on how granular the data is.
I ran into this exact problem last year with some Coca-Cola stock from my great-aunt. If you contact the company's investor relations department directly (not the transfer agent), they sometimes have historical information about stock prices, splits, and dividend reinvestments that can help you piece together a reasonable cost basis. The IRS publication 551 also covers this scenario specifically and allows for reasonable reconstruction of basis when records are unavailable.
For gifted stocks where the original cost basis is unknown, you'll need to use the donor's basis (carryover basis) as your starting point. Since you can't find records from the 1960s/70s, here's what I'd recommend: 1. **Document your search efforts** - Keep records of all your attempts to find the original basis (calls to Computershare, BofA, etc.). The IRS appreciates good faith efforts. 2. **Use historical price reconstruction** - Since you know the approximate purchase timeframe and the company had multiple stock splits, you can research historical prices from that era. Many financial websites and libraries have historical stock data going back decades. 3. **Consider IRS Publication 551** - This publication specifically addresses situations where basis records are unavailable and provides guidance on reasonable reconstruction methods. 4. **Account for all corporate actions** - Make sure to adjust for all stock splits, dividends, and other corporate actions that occurred between the original purchase and when you received the gift in 2008. 5. **When in doubt, be conservative** - If you can't determine a reasonable basis, using zero basis (paying tax on the full sale amount) is the safest approach, though it results in higher taxes. The key is thorough documentation of your research process. The IRS understands that very old securities often lack complete records, so they generally accept reasonable reconstruction efforts when properly documented.
This is really helpful advice! I'm curious about the historical price reconstruction method - do you have any specific recommendations for where to find reliable historical stock data going back to the 1960s? I've tried some of the free financial websites but they don't seem to go back that far. Also, when you mention accounting for corporate actions, is there a systematic way to track all the splits and dividends that happened over such a long period? That seems like it could get pretty complicated to calculate correctly.
For historical stock data going back to the 1960s, I'd recommend checking with your local university or public library - many have subscriptions to services like Morningstar Direct or Bloomberg terminals that include extensive historical data. The Center for Research in Security Prices (CRSP) database is another excellent resource that many academic libraries provide access to. For tracking corporate actions systematically, start with the company's investor relations website - they often have a "stock split history" or "dividend history" section. You can also use the SEC's EDGAR database to search for historical 8-K filings that announce stock splits and other corporate actions. A helpful approach is to create a timeline working backwards from 2008 (when you received the gift) to the estimated purchase date. List each corporate action with its effective date and adjustment ratio. Then apply these adjustments in reverse chronological order to determine what your current shares would have cost originally. The calculation can definitely get complex, but the IRS recognizes this and generally accepts reasonable approximations when you document your methodology thoroughly.
Freya Ross
wat tax software did u use? heard some are having delays with certain companies
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Serene Snow
ā¢turbotax wbu?
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Freya Ross
ā¢same. fingers crossed for both of us š¤
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Zainab Ahmed
Hey! I went through the exact same thing last week and was totally panicking. My 2024 Account Transcript was completely blank for like 10 days while my Return Transcript showed everything perfectly. Finally got my first update yesterday with processing codes! The blank Account Transcript just means they haven't started actually working on your return yet - it's not broken or anything. Once they begin processing, you'll see all the codes start appearing including the 846 you're waiting for. The Return Transcript being visible is actually a good sign that everything was received properly. I know the waiting is brutal but it sounds like you're in the normal flow. Keep checking Wednesdays and Fridays since those are the main update days. You should see movement soon! š¤
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Mateo Gonzalez
ā¢Thanks for sharing your experience! That's exactly what I needed to hear. It's so stressful when you're waiting for your refund and the transcript looks broken. Really glad to know this is normal and that movement should happen soon. Did your 846 code show up right after the processing codes appeared?
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