I used TurboTax Business last year for our two-person LLC and it was pretty straightforward. If you have a simple 50/50 split and no complicated allocations, it works fine. Just make sure you have all your income and expenses organized before you start. One thing to note - they charge extra if you need to file in multiple states. We operate in 2 states and ended up paying closer to $300 total.

I used FreeTaxUSA for our partnership return last year. It was only $15 for the federal 1065 and like $15 per state. Way cheaper than TurboTax and handled our simple LLC just fine. The interface isn't as polished but it gets the job done if you're comfortable with the basic concepts.

This is really helpful, especially the point about estimated quarterly payments! I hadn't even thought about that part. Quick question - when you say we'll need to make estimated payments based on K-1 income, does that mean we need to estimate what our LLC will make for the whole year and then pay quarterly on our personal returns? Or do we wait until we get the actual K-1 to figure out what we owe? I'm trying to plan ahead since this is all new to us and I don't want to get hit with underpayment penalties on top of everything else we're trying to figure out.

This is really helpful information! I had no idea about the quarterly payment thing. Quick question - when you say "underpayment penalties," about how much are we talking? Like if someone wins $50k and doesn't make quarterly payments, what kind of penalty would they face when filing? I'm asking because I entered a bunch of giveaways recently and want to be prepared just in case I actually win something big.

@Mia Green The underpayment penalty rate changes annually but it s'currently around 8% it (was 7% for 2023 .)The penalty is calculated on the amount you underpaid for each quarter you missed. So for a $50k prize win, you d'owe roughly $12-15k in federal taxes depending on your bracket. If you didn t'make any quarterly payments and owed more than $1,000 when filing, you could face penalties of several hundred to over a thousand dollars depending on when during the year you won. The good news is there are safe harbor rules - if you pay at least 90% of the current year s'tax liability OR 100% of last year s'total tax 110% (if your prior year AGI was over $150k ,)you can avoid penalties even if you underpay on the prize winnings specifically. My advice if you win big: set aside 25-30% immediately, and consider making an estimated payment for the quarter you won. Better to be safe than sorry with the IRS!

This is such an important point that people don't think about! I'm actually curious - if a minor wins a large prize like this, are the parents responsible for setting aside money for taxes or does that responsibility fall on the minor themselves? Like if your cousin spent all $8,000 before tax time, who would the IRS come after for the tax bill? Also, do the parents' tax brackets affect how much tax the minor owes on prize winnings, or is it calculated separately?

This is such a comprehensive approach, Nia! The idea of tracking all MAGI components in real-time throughout the year is brilliant - I've been making the mistake of only looking at the major income sources and forgetting about things like municipal bond interest add-backs. Your point about donor-advised funds is really interesting. I hadn't considered the bunching strategy in the context of IRMAA planning, but I can see how maximizing itemized deductions in one year while taking the standard deduction in others could provide more flexibility for other MAGI management strategies in those "standard deduction years." One question about your record-keeping suggestion: when you say keeping detailed records of your methodology and assumptions, are you thinking about documenting things like the inflation rates you used for projections, or more about tracking which specific strategies you employed each year? I'm trying to figure out the best way to create a system that will actually help me improve my projections over time rather than just being a pile of paperwork. Thanks for mentioning IRS Publication 915 - that's going straight to my reading list! The Social Security taxation calculation has always felt like a black box to me, so having the actual worksheets will be incredibly helpful.

This is such a valuable perspective, Rhett! The geographic arbitrage angle is something I hadn't considered at all, and you're absolutely right about the potential for creating unintentional MAGI spikes during state transitions. The example of combining home sale proceeds with a large Roth conversion in the same year is exactly the kind of mistake that could be really expensive from an IRMAA standpoint. Your point about the timing flexibility that the 2-year lag provides is particularly insightful in this context. It essentially gives you a "practice run" to see how major life transitions affect your tax situation before the Medicare premium consequences kick in. That's incredibly valuable for people making multiple big financial moves around retirement. I'm curious - for someone planning this kind of state move, would you recommend trying to time the home sale for a year when you're already expecting to be in a higher IRMAA bracket anyway (so the additional capital gains don't push you up another tier), or is it better to try to isolate the home sale in its own tax year to minimize the bracket impact? I imagine it depends on the size of the gain and what other income sources you have, but I'm wondering if there's a general rule of thumb for this kind of planning. Thanks for adding this dimension to the discussion - it's making me realize that IRMAA planning really needs to be integrated with all major retirement financial decisions, not just treated as a separate tax consideration.

This is such helpful advice! I'm also dealing with my first K-1 this year and was worried I was missing out on deductions. Your point about double-counting is really important - I almost made that mistake with some travel expenses that I now realize might already be included in my partnership's calculations. Do you know if there's an easy way to tell from the K-1 documents which specific expense categories were already deducted? I have about 15 pages of supplemental statements and it's pretty overwhelming to figure out what's what. Also, when you mention that home office expenses work differently with partnership income - are they just not deductible at all, or is there a different form/method to claim them? Thanks for sharing your experience - it's really reassuring to hear from someone who's been through this successfully!

Great question about identifying what's already deducted! The supplemental statements can be overwhelming, but here's what I learned to look for: Look for sections labeled "Analysis of Net Rental Real Estate Income," "Analysis of Other Net Rental Income," or "Analysis of Net Income from Other Rental Activities" - these typically break down expense categories like repairs, travel, office expenses, etc. that were already deducted at the partnership level. Also check for any sections showing "Section 179 deduction" or "Depreciation" - if equipment purchases are listed there, they've already been claimed by the partnership. For home office expenses with partnership income, they're generally NOT deductible the same way as Schedule C. Since you're a partner (not an employee), you can't use Form 8829. The only way home office expenses might be deductible is if your partnership agreement specifically requires you to maintain a home office for partnership business AND you can show it's used regularly and exclusively for that purpose. Even then, it would go on Schedule E as an unreimbursed partner expense, not as a home office deduction. The safest approach is to focus only on expenses that are clearly outlined in your partnership agreement as partner responsibilities - things like travel to meetings, continuing education, or specific equipment the agreement says partners must provide. Everything else has likely already been handled at the partnership level.

This is exactly the kind of clear explanation I needed! Thank you for breaking it down so simply. I've been staring at my K-1 paperwork for weeks trying to figure this out. Your point about the partnership agreement is really helpful - I need to dig mine out and see what it actually says about expense responsibilities. I think I've been assuming I could deduct things that the partnership may have already handled. One quick follow-up question: when you say "unreimbursed partner expenses" go on Schedule E, is there a specific line for that or do you need to attach a separate statement? I'm using tax software and want to make sure I'm looking in the right place if I do have legitimate unreimbursed expenses to claim. Thanks again for sharing your experience - it's so reassuring to know others have navigated this successfully!

You're on the right track with checking your partnership agreement! For Schedule E, unreimbursed partner expenses typically go on Part II, and there should be a specific line or section for "unreimbursed partnership expenses." Different tax software handles this slightly differently, but most will prompt you to enter the total amount and then require you to attach a detailed statement breaking down what the expenses were for. The statement should include descriptions like "Travel to partnership meetings - $500," "Professional development required by partnership - $300," etc. Keep all your receipts and documentation showing these expenses were necessary for your partnership activities and weren't reimbursed. One thing to watch out for - some tax software will try to guide you toward Schedule C when you mention business expenses, but resist that! Make sure you're staying in the partnership/Schedule E section. The software should recognize that you have K-1 income and keep everything properly categorized. Good luck with your filing! It's definitely confusing the first time, but once you understand the K-1 vs Schedule C distinction, it becomes much clearer.

I'm in Colorado. I hadn't even thought about state tax differences. Do you know if Colorado follows the federal guidelines for the widower exclusion?

Colorado generally follows federal tax guidelines for capital gains exclusions, including the widower provision. The good news is that Colorado doesn't have a separate state capital gains tax rate - capital gains are taxed as ordinary income at Colorado's flat 4.4% rate. However, Colorado does conform to most federal exclusions, so you should be able to use the same $500,000 exclusion for state purposes that you're eligible for federally. Still worth double-checking with a Colorado tax professional since state tax law can have nuances, but you're in a much better position than states like California or New York that have their own complicated rules.