Just to add another perspective - I've been through this situation twice now (moved a lot for work). Always use your current address on the 1040-X, but here's something that might help: if you're worried about timing or want to be extra thorough, you can also call the IRS practitioner priority line if you have a tax professional help you, or use Form 8822 to officially change your address before filing the amendment. One thing I learned the hard way - if you're expecting any other IRS correspondence (like notices from your original return), make sure you set up mail forwarding with USPS from your old address. The IRS systems don't always update immediately across all departments, so you might still get some mail sent to your old address even after filing the 1040-X with your new one. Also, keep copies of everything! With the longer processing times for paper amendments, having your own records makes it much easier to track what's happening if you need to follow up later.

Great question about the practitioner priority line! Unfortunately, that's only available to enrolled agents, CPAs, and attorneys representing clients - not for individual taxpayers calling about their own returns. The regular taxpayer lines are definitely a pain. However, I've had some luck calling early in the morning (right when they open at 7 AM) or later in the afternoon around 4-5 PM. The hold times seem shorter then compared to the middle of the day. Also, if you're calling about a specific notice or letter, have the notice number ready - that sometimes gets you to a more specialized department with shorter wait times. Another tip: if you're calling about an amended return specifically, try the dedicated amended return line at 866-464-2050. It's still a wait, but in my experience it's been faster than the general taxpayer line. They can also tell you exactly where your 1040-X is in the processing queue, which helps with planning. The mail forwarding really is crucial though - I learned that lesson the hard way too when I almost missed a deadline because a notice went to my old address!

This thread has been absolutely incredible - I've learned more about the reasoning behind Roth IRA income limits here than from hours of searching official sources! What really resonates with me is understanding that these limits were essentially a 1997 Congressional budgeting exercise rather than a principled policy about individual fairness. The legislators needed to estimate the revenue cost of this new tax benefit, and income limits seemed like a reasonable way to target middle-income savers while controlling the fiscal impact. The most frustrating part is how the backdoor Roth has completely broken this system. We've ended up with a policy that rewards tax sophistication over the original intent of helping middle-income Americans save for retirement. Someone making $200k who knows about backdoor conversions gets the benefit, while someone making $120k who doesn't know about these strategies might miss out entirely. As someone who just hit the income phase-out this year, I'm dealing with this complexity firsthand. It's maddening that my retirement savings options now depend on whether I'm willing to navigate complex conversion rules and potentially hire professional help, when the simpler direct contribution worked fine when I made slightly less money. The historical context everyone shared really shows how a well-intentioned 1990s compromise has become an outdated policy that creates more problems than it solves. At this point, either eliminate the income limits entirely or close the backdoor loophole - the current hybrid system just rewards people with good tax knowledge while failing to achieve its original goals.

Reading through this entire discussion has been incredibly eye-opening! As someone who recently started earning enough to worry about these limits, I was just as confused as the OP about why income limits exist alongside contribution caps. The historical context everyone provided really clarifies that this isn't about individual fairness at all - it was a 1997 budgetary tool to control how much tax revenue Congress was willing to give up when creating this new retirement benefit. The income limits were meant to target middle-income savers while capping the long-term cost of tax-free compound growth for high earners. What's particularly striking is how the backdoor Roth has completely undermined the original policy intent. We now have a system where a $150k earner who watches the right YouTube video can access the benefit, while a $130k earner who doesn't know about these strategies might miss out during high-income years. That's the exact opposite of the targeted assistance Congress intended. As someone just starting to navigate this complexity, it's frustrating that retirement planning success now depends as much on tax knowledge as financial discipline. The democratization of financial information through the internet has broken all the 1990s assumptions about who would have access to sophisticated tax strategies. It really seems like this 28-year-old compromise needs updating - either eliminate the income limits entirely since they're easily circumvented, or close the backdoor loophole to preserve the original targeting. The current system just creates unnecessary complexity while failing to achieve its intended goals.

Have you tried clearing your browser cache and cookies? Sometimes that helps with login issues. Also make sure you're using the correct URL - there are some fake Spruce sites out there that look legit but aren't. The real one should be through your tax preparer's portal or the official IRS link.

I had the exact same problem last month! What finally worked for me was using a different browser entirely - turns out Chrome was causing issues but Firefox worked fine. Also try accessing it through an incognito/private window first. If that doesn't work, definitely call that support number Emily posted. They were actually pretty helpful once I got through to someone, just had to wait forever on hold.

My experience with Navy Federal for tax refunds has been significantly better compared to my previous credit union. With my old credit union, they would consistently hold the funds until exactly the DDD regardless of when they received the ACH notification. Last year, my Navy Federal account received the deposit 36 hours before the official date on my transcript. The process was also much smoother than when I had Bank of America, which once placed a 5-day hold on my tax refund for "verification purposes" despite it being a government direct deposit.

Based on my experience with Navy Federal over the past three tax seasons, I can confirm they typically release refunds 1-2 days early, but I'd recommend setting realistic expectations. What I've found helpful is checking your IRS transcript first thing in the morning on the day before your DDD - if the 846 code shows up, there's a good chance NFCU will release it that day. Also worth noting that if you're expecting a large refund (over $5,000), there might be additional verification steps that could delay things regardless of your bank. I've had refunds as early as 48 hours before the official date, but I've also had them arrive exactly on the DDD. The key is having your direct deposit information accurate on your return - double-check your routing and account numbers because any errors will definitely cause delays.

Watch out for the commuting rule! This bit me hard last year. Even if you're driving the company car to different work sites, the miles from your home to the FIRST work location of the day and from the LAST work location back home are still considered personal commuting miles. Only the miles between work locations during the day count as business miles. My employer didn't explain this clearly and I ended up with a surprise tax bill.

Great question about company vehicles! Just want to add that it's worth asking your employer which valuation method they plan to use BEFORE you start using the car. Some companies use the "annual lease value" method which can result in a higher taxable benefit than the cents-per-mile method, especially for expensive vehicles or if you don't drive much personally. Also, if your company provides fuel for personal use (sounds like you're getting a gas card), that's an additional taxable benefit on top of the vehicle use. The IRS has specific rules about how to value the fuel benefit - sometimes it's easier for companies to just require you to reimburse them for personal fuel costs to avoid the tax complications. One more tip: keep documentation of your vehicle's condition when you first receive it and when you return it (photos, maintenance records, etc.). This can protect you if there are disputes about damage or excessive wear that might affect your tax liability later.