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Calculating Capital Gains on Home Sale After 28 Years of Improvements - Will We Owe Taxes?

We bought our house almost 30 years ago and have done major renovations over the years. Fortunately, the property value has skyrocketed during this time. We're planning to relocate next year from our current no-income-tax state to one that does have state income tax, so timing is crucial for us. I'm trying to calculate our accurate cost basis because based on my numbers, after applying the $500K married exemption, we should be very close to the current home value, potentially meaning no capital gains tax (fingers crossed). If we do have capital gains, it complicates our move since we'd need to remain in our current state until closing to avoid getting hit with capital gains tax in the new state. (I understand the gain will affect my tax rate in our new state - California - but if I receive the proceeds before establishing residency there, I believe I should be okay...) Here's my breakdown of our 30-year improvement history: Purchase price: $286,250 Deck expansion: $3,700 Driveway work: $2,900 New hardwood flooring: $12,800 Appliance replacement: $5,100 Major house remodel: $215,000 New HVAC system: $7,100 Window and siding replacement: $105,000 Back porch addition: $38,000 Walkway renovation: $4,700 Complete house renovation: $365,000 Additional remodeling: $12,900 Fence replacement: $3,200 Front porch addition: $124,000 Range replacement: $1,400 Approximate cost basis: $1,187,050 Married exemption: $500,000 Total: $1,687,050 My assumptions are: 1. If our net proceeds after fees and commissions are less than this total, we'll have no capital gains tax liability 2. If we sell above this amount after fees and commissions (which seems likely), we'd pay capital gains tax on any amount exceeding the total 3. The improvements listed would qualify as legitimate capital improvements (I've kept all documentation) Any guidance would be greatly appreciated!

Your documentation is absolutely fantastic - 30 years of detailed records puts you in an incredibly strong position! Your methodology for calculating cost basis looks solid, and you're right to be optimistic about potentially eliminating capital gains entirely. A few things I'd add to what others have mentioned: **Landscaping & Site Improvements**: Don't overlook permanent landscaping improvements like retaining walls, driveways, walkways (which you included), irrigation systems, or major grading work. These often qualify as capital improvements. **Safety & Accessibility**: Any improvements for safety or accessibility (railings, ramps, security systems that are permanently installed) typically qualify for basis adjustments. **Utility Upgrades**: Electrical panel upgrades, new service lines, gas line installations, or septic system improvements all generally count as capital improvements. The California residency issue others raised is definitely worth taking seriously. CA's Franchise Tax Board is notoriously aggressive about pursuing part-year residents. I'd suggest consulting with a tax professional who specifically handles CA residency issues before finalizing your timeline. One strategy to consider: if you do end up with a small capital gain after all your calculations, remember that you can time the closing to ensure any proceeds are received while you're still a resident of your current no-tax state. But get professional confirmation on exactly how CA determines residency for tax purposes. Your meticulous record-keeping over three decades is really going to pay off here. Most people in your situation don't have nearly this level of documentation!

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Isla Fischer

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This is such comprehensive advice! The additional categories you mentioned - landscaping, safety improvements, and utility upgrades - are really helpful. I definitely have some expenses in those areas that I hadn't fully considered. We installed a whole-house generator a few years ago and upgraded our electrical panel to support it, which should qualify as capital improvements. Your point about the California Franchise Tax Board being aggressive is exactly what I needed to hear. It sounds like I really can't take any chances with the residency timing. I'll definitely seek out a specialist who deals specifically with CA residency issues rather than just general tax advice. The strategy you mentioned about timing the closing to ensure proceeds are received while still a resident of our current state makes a lot of sense. If we can structure everything properly with professional guidance, we might be able to have the best of both worlds - maximize our cost basis calculations AND avoid CA tax complications. Thanks for acknowledging the documentation efforts too! It's reassuring to know that keeping all these records over the years wasn't just unnecessary paperwork. With the amounts potentially involved, every receipt and improvement record could literally be worth hundreds or thousands in tax savings.

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Eli Butler

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This is an incredibly thorough and well-organized approach to calculating your capital gains! Your 30 years of meticulous record-keeping is truly impressive and will definitely work in your favor. A few additional considerations that might help you maximize your position: **Professional Cost Segregation**: Given the scale of your renovations (especially that $365K complete house renovation), consider having a cost segregation specialist review your major projects. They can often identify components that qualify for different tax treatments or ensure you're maximizing the basis additions correctly. **Soft Costs**: Don't forget to include architect fees, engineering costs, permit fees, and any legal costs associated with your major renovations. These "soft costs" are often overlooked but are legitimate additions to your cost basis. **Original Purchase Adjustments**: As others mentioned, your original closing costs should be added to basis, but also consider any points paid, title insurance, and survey costs from your original purchase 30 years ago. **Documentation Strategy**: With amounts this significant, I'd recommend creating a formal "Capital Improvements Summary" document that categorizes each expense with supporting documentation references. This shows the IRS you've been systematic and thoughtful about your record-keeping. Regarding the California timing issue - this is absolutely critical to get right. CA's residency rules are complex and they look at multiple factors beyond just physical presence. Definitely get specialized guidance on this before committing to any timeline. Your calculation methodology is sound, and with $900K+ in improvements plus the $500K exemption, you're in an excellent position to minimize or eliminate capital gains entirely!

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Madison King

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This is such valuable advice! The cost segregation specialist idea is fascinating - I hadn't considered that there might be different tax treatments for different components of our major renovations. Given the scale of that $365K complete house renovation, it definitely seems worth having a specialist review it to make sure we're maximizing every possible basis addition. Your point about soft costs is really important too. I know we paid substantial architect and engineering fees for several of our major projects, plus all those permit fees over the years. I'll need to go back through my records to make sure I'm capturing all of those expenses - they could easily add up to several thousand more in basis adjustments. The formal "Capital Improvements Summary" document you suggested is exactly what I need to create. Having everything categorized and cross-referenced will not only help me present a clear case to the IRS if needed, but will also make it much easier for any tax professional I work with to review and verify my calculations. I'm definitely taking the California residency issue seriously after all the warnings in this thread. It sounds like this could make or break our entire strategy, so getting specialized guidance is absolutely essential before we move forward with any specific timeline. Thanks for the comprehensive framework - this gives me confidence that I'm approaching this systematically and not missing any major opportunities to optimize our position!

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Paolo Bianchi

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Not to be *that person* who says "I told you so" šŸ˜‚, but this is exactly why I always tell people to check their transcripts before spending their "expected" refund. The number of times I've seen folks buy something based on TurboTax's estimate only to get hundreds less... too many to count! The transcript is the IRS's actual math, and unfortunately, they're the ones with the final say. Pro tip: look for TC 420 or TC 570 codes which indicate adjustments or holds that might explain your difference.

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Had this exact same issue two years ago! The key is understanding that TurboTax calculates based on what you INPUT, but the IRS processes based on what they can VERIFY. In my case, there was a $900 difference because: 1. TurboTax included a business expense deduction that required additional documentation 2. The IRS put a temporary hold (TC 570) on that portion while they reviewed 3. I had to mail in receipts and wait 12 weeks for the adjustment Check your transcript for these specific codes: • TC 570 = Additional account action pending • TC 571 = Resolved adjustment • TC 766 = Credit to your account • TC 768 = Earned Income Credit The good news? If it's just a documentation issue, you'll eventually get the full amount once you provide what they need. The bad news? It can take months. Always assume the transcript amount is what you'll actually receive.

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This is super helpful! I'm new to dealing with transcripts and all these codes are like a foreign language to me. Quick question - when you say "mail in receipts," did you have to send originals or were copies okay? And is there a specific address or form you need to use? I'm worried about my documentation getting lost in the mail system. Also, during those 12 weeks, were you able to track the progress somehow or did you just have to wait it out? Thanks for breaking this down so clearly!

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Zoey Bianchi

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@Jordan Walker s'advice is spot on! I went through something similar last year. For the documentation, copies are usually fine - just make sure they re'clear and legible. I sent mine to the address listed on my CP12 notice each (case gets assigned a specific processing center .)Definitely send certified mail with tracking so you have proof they received it. As for tracking progress, you can call the Practitioner Priority Service line or check your transcript periodically - new codes will appear as they process your docs. The waiting is the worst part, but hang in there! Most people do get their full refund eventually if the expenses are legitimate.

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This is such a helpful thread! I'm dealing with a similar situation where my LP ended up with just one member after my business partner withdrew last year. One thing I haven't seen mentioned yet is the potential impact on your LP's operating agreement. Even if you treat it as disregarded for tax purposes, you might want to update your partnership agreement to reflect the current ownership structure, especially if you're planning to add partners in the future. Also, regarding the EIN issue - I kept my LP's EIN active by filing a final Form 1065 for the last year it operated as a true partnership, then included a statement explaining the change to single-member status. My CPA said this creates a clear paper trail for the IRS and helps avoid any future questions about why returns stopped being filed under that EIN. Has anyone here had experience with bringing new partners into an LP that was previously treated as disregarded? I'm curious if there are any special considerations when you transition back to partnership status.

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Axel Bourke

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Great point about updating the operating agreement! I'm actually in the process of adding a new partner to my LP that's been disregarded for about 18 months. My attorney advised that when you transition back to partnership status, you'll need to file Form 1065 again starting with the tax year the second partner is admitted. One thing to watch out for - make sure you properly establish the new partner's capital account and document their contribution. The IRS will want to see that there's substance to the partnership beyond just tax planning. Also, if your LP had any built-in gains or losses while it was disregarded, those might need special allocation rules when you bring in the new partner. Have you considered whether your new partner will be a general or limited partner? That can affect both liability and management rights under your state's LP laws.

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Mei Chen

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This thread has been incredibly helpful! I'm a tax preparer who sees this situation fairly often, and I wanted to add a few practical considerations that might help others: First, if you're planning to eventually add partners anyway, you might want to consider the timing strategically. Adding a partner mid-year can complicate your tax filings since you'll need to file Form 1065 for the portion of the year you operated as a partnership, with special allocations for the pre-partnership period. Second, regarding the EIN issue - even though you have an EIN for the LP, the IRS won't penalize you for not filing if the entity is properly treated as disregarded. However, I always recommend sending a letter to the IRS Business Master File department explaining the situation and requesting they update their records to show the entity is disregarded. This prevents automated notices asking where your partnership returns are. Finally, don't forget about your state's franchise tax or annual report requirements. Many states will still require filings even if the entity is federally disregarded, and missing these can result in administrative dissolution of your LP. One last tip: if you do decide to add a partner later, make sure they contribute actual cash or property - not just services - to establish a valid partnership for tax purposes. The IRS scrutinizes partnerships where one partner contributes only services.

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CosmicCadet

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This is exactly the kind of detailed guidance I was hoping to find! As someone new to dealing with multi-entity structures, the point about timing when adding partners is really valuable. I hadn't considered that mid-year changes would require special allocations. Quick question about the IRS Business Master File letter you mentioned - is there a specific format or form for this, or do you just send a regular business letter explaining the disregarded status? And approximately how long does it typically take for them to update their records? Also, regarding the state franchise tax requirements - is this something that varies significantly by state, or are there common patterns? I'm in California and want to make sure I'm not missing any required filings. Thanks for sharing your professional expertise - it's really helping me understand the practical steps I need to take!

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Debra Bai

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According to the Treasury Department's official FAQs (https://fiscal.treasury.gov/top/faqs-for-the-public.html), unemployment benefits themselves don't create offset situations. The system works by matching your SSN against a database of debtors. If you've confirmed no matches via the phone system, you should be good. The database is updated weekly, so checking once a week until your refund arrives should give you peace of mind.

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I went through this exact situation after my separation last year. Called the offset number weekly. No offsets showed up, and my refund arrived on time with no issues. Just make sure you reported your unemployment income correctly on your return - that's the only way it affects your taxes.

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Ben Cooper

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I completely understand your concern, especially dealing with financial uncertainty after a divorce. The good news is that unemployment compensation itself won't create any offset issues - it's simply taxable income that you report on your return. The Treasury Offset Program only targets specific federal debts like defaulted student loans, unpaid child support, or back taxes from previous years. Since you've already checked the offset phone line and it shows clear, you should be fine. One thing to keep in mind though - if you didn't have federal taxes withheld from your unemployment benefits, you might end up owing rather than receiving a refund, but that's a separate issue from offsets. The fact that you're being proactive about checking shows you're on top of things!

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Emma Davis

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I went through this exact same situation with my husband's furniture restoration hobby! What we learned after consulting with a tax professional is that you're absolutely right to be collecting sales tax - in most states, it's required regardless of whether you're operating as a hobby or business. The key thing is that sales tax collection and income tax classification are completely separate issues. Just because you collect sales tax doesn't automatically make it a business for IRS purposes. The IRS looks at factors like profit motive, time invested, whether you depend on the income, and how businesslike your operations are. For your situation with $580 in sales, you'd likely still report this as hobby income on Schedule 1 of your tax return. The sales tax you collected gets reported separately - you'll show it as income when you collect it, then as a deduction when you remit it to the state, so it essentially washes out on your federal return. One tip: keep detailed records of all your sales, including the sales tax portion, because you'll need to show the state exactly what you collected and when. Most states require quarterly or annual filings even for small amounts. Your husband is doing the right thing by being proactive about compliance! Better to err on the side of caution with tax matters.

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Emma Davis

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This is really helpful! I'm just starting to sell my handmade jewelry and was completely confused about the difference between sales tax and income tax reporting. So if I understand correctly, even if I'm just doing this as a hobby and making maybe $300-400 a year, I still need to get a sales tax permit and collect tax from customers? And then I report the hobby income on Schedule 1 but the sales tax collection is handled separately? I want to make sure I'm doing everything legally from the start rather than trying to fix things later.

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Yes, you've got it exactly right! Even for $300-400 in hobby sales, you'll likely need a sales tax permit in most states. The threshold for requiring a permit is usually very low - sometimes just one taxable sale. Here's the process: Get your sales tax permit first (usually free or low cost), then collect the appropriate sales tax on each sale, file your sales tax returns as required (monthly, quarterly, or annually depending on your state), and remit the tax you collected. For federal taxes, you'll report the total income (including the sales tax portion) as hobby income on Schedule 1, then deduct the sales tax when you pay it to the state. The sales tax essentially becomes a wash - you report it as income when collected, then deduct it when paid out. Starting compliant from day one is definitely the smart approach! It's much easier than trying to sort things out retroactively if your state decides to audit craft fair vendors (which does happen occasionally).

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I went through almost this exact same situation last year with my ceramic pottery hobby! After doing a lot of research and talking to my state's tax office, here's what I learned: You're absolutely doing the right thing by collecting sales tax. In most states, sales tax is required on tangible goods regardless of whether it's a hobby or formal business - the state just wants their cut of the transaction. For the income reporting piece, you can still treat this as hobby income since $580 from occasional craft fair sales clearly falls into hobby territory. The fact that you're collecting sales tax doesn't change that classification - they're separate tax issues entirely. When you file your taxes, you'll report the total income (including the sales tax portion) on Schedule 1 as "Other Income." Then when you remit the sales tax to your state, you can deduct that payment, so the sales tax portion essentially washes out on your federal return. The key is keeping good records of what you collected versus what you remitted to the state. Most states have pretty simple filing requirements for small sellers - mine only requires annual filing since I'm under their quarterly threshold. Don't stress too much about crossing into "business" territory at your current level. The IRS looks at things like profit motive, time invested, and business-like operations. Occasional craft fair sales of $580 is clearly hobby activity!

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StarSurfer

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This is exactly what I needed to hear! I'm in a very similar situation with my husband's woodworking - we've been so worried about whether we're handling everything correctly. Your explanation about the sales tax washing out on the federal return makes perfect sense and I hadn't understood that part before. One quick follow-up question: when you say "occasional craft fair sales" - is there a specific number of events or frequency that might push someone from hobby into business territory? We're thinking about doing maybe 8-10 fairs next year instead of just the few we did this year, and I want to make sure we don't accidentally cross some line we don't know about. Thanks for sharing your experience - it's so helpful to hear from someone who's actually been through this process!

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