How are unemployment insurance benefits financed in Washington state?
I've been collecting unemployment for about 8 weeks now and it got me wondering - where does this money actually come from? Like, how are unemployment insurance benefits financed? Is it coming from taxes I paid or from my former employer? Just curious about the whole system since I'm benefiting from it right now. Anyone know how Washington ESD gets the funding for all these UI payments?
48 comments


Diego Vargas
Great question! In Washington, unemployment insurance benefits are financed through employer payroll taxes, not employee contributions. Your former employer pays quarterly taxes to Washington ESD based on their payroll and experience rating. The tax rate varies depending on how many former employees have filed claims - companies with more layoffs pay higher rates.
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Chloe Harris
•Oh interesting! So I'm not paying into it from my paychecks at all? That's different than I thought.
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NeonNinja
•Exactly right. It's 100% employer-funded in Washington state. Some other states make employees contribute too but not here.
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Anastasia Popov
The employer tax rates in Washington can range from like 0.19% to over 5% of wages depending on their claim history. New employers pay a standard rate until they build up experience. It's all managed through the UI trust fund that Washington ESD administers.
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Sean Murphy
•Wow that's a huge range! No wonder some employers really don't want people filing for unemployment.
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Diego Vargas
•Yeah the experience rating system is designed to encourage employers to avoid layoffs when possible. Higher turnover = higher taxes.
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Zara Khan
I had to deal with this when I was calling Washington ESD about my claim status last month. Spent hours trying to get through on the phone just to ask about my weekly payments. Finally found this service called Claimyr that actually got me connected to an agent - they have a video demo at https://youtu.be/7DieNd3C7zQ showing how it works. Made the whole process so much easier than sitting on hold forever.
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Luca Ferrari
•How does that work exactly? I've been trying to reach someone at Washington ESD for weeks about my adjudication.
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Zara Khan
•You just go to claimyr.com and they handle getting you through to an actual person. Saved me so much time and frustration!
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Nia Davis
theres also federal funding that kicks in during high unemployment periods but normally its all from state employer taxes like others said
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Diego Vargas
•True - the federal government provides extended benefits during recessions and funds the administrative costs of running the UI system.
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Chloe Harris
•So complicated! I just want to make sure I'm not going to owe anything back later.
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Mateo Martinez
The UI trust fund balance fluctuates a lot. During recessions it can go negative and the state has to borrow from federal government. Then during good times employers pay extra to rebuild the fund. Washington actually has one of the more stable trust funds compared to other states.
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NeonNinja
•Yeah we didn't have to borrow during COVID like a lot of states did. The fund was in pretty good shape beforehand.
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Sean Murphy
•That's reassuring! I was worried the money might run out or something.
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QuantumQueen
My brother works in HR and he says their company pays around $2000 per employee per year in UI taxes. Seems like a lot but I guess it makes sense when you think about how much benefits cost.
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Diego Vargas
•That sounds about right for a company with average claim history. The tax is calculated on the first $62,500 of each employee's wages in 2025.
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Aisha Rahman
•wait so if someone makes $100k the employer only pays UI tax on the first $62.5k?
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Diego Vargas
•Correct - there's a wage base limit that gets adjusted annually for inflation.
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Ethan Wilson
I'm still confused about the experience rating thing. Like how do they calculate that exactly?
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Anastasia Popov
•It's based on the ratio of benefits paid out to former employees versus the total wages paid. Higher ratio = higher tax rate for future years.
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Ethan Wilson
•So if a company has a lot of layoffs they get penalized with higher taxes going forward?
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Anastasia Popov
•Exactly! It incentivizes employers to maintain stable employment when possible.
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Yuki Sato
This is why some employers fight unemployment claims so hard - they don't want their experience rating to go up. Had a former boss try to say I quit when I was actually laid off just to avoid paying higher taxes.
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Carmen Flores
•That's illegal! You can appeal that kind of thing through Washington ESD if they falsely claim you quit.
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Yuki Sato
•Yeah I had to file an appeal and everything. Such a hassle but I won in the end.
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Andre Dubois
Does anyone know if there are other sources of funding besides employer taxes? I heard something about federal administrative money
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Diego Vargas
•The federal government does fund the administrative costs of running the UI program - paying Washington ESD staff, computer systems, etc. But the actual benefit payments come from state employer taxes.
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Andre Dubois
•Ah okay that makes sense. So the feds help pay for the infrastructure but not the benefits themselves.
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CyberSamurai
honestly the whole system seems pretty fair when you think about it. employers pay in when times are good, workers get benefits when they need them, and theres incentives to avoid unnecessary layoffs
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Zoe Alexopoulos
•Yeah compared to other safety net programs it's pretty well designed. Self-funding through the people who create the need for it.
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Chloe Harris
•That's a good way to think about it! Makes me feel less guilty about collecting benefits.
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Jamal Carter
I tried calling Washington ESD last week to ask about this same thing and couldn't get through at all. The phone system is so frustrating! Anyone else having trouble reaching them?
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Zara Khan
•Yeah I mentioned Claimyr earlier - that's exactly what I used it for. The website is claimyr.com and it really does work to get you connected to an actual person.
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Jamal Carter
•I'll have to check that out. I've been trying to call for days with no luck.
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Mei Liu
The trust fund thing is interesting. I wonder how much money is in it right now and if it's enough to handle another recession
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Mateo Martinez
•Washington publishes quarterly reports on the trust fund balance. Last I checked it was in pretty good shape compared to historical levels.
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Liam O'Donnell
•Where do you find those reports? I'd be curious to see the numbers.
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Mateo Martinez
•On the Washington ESD website under their financial reports section. Pretty dry reading but informative!
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Amara Nwosu
My dad always told me unemployment was welfare but now I understand it's actually insurance that employers pay for. Kind of changes how I think about it
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Diego Vargas
•That's a common misconception! It really is insurance - employers pay premiums (taxes) and workers collect benefits when they become unemployed through no fault of their own.
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AstroExplorer
•Exactly! It's earned benefits, not charity. You worked for a company that paid into the system.
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Giovanni Moretti
So wait, if I had multiple jobs last year do all those employers contribute to my benefit amount?
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Diego Vargas
•Your benefit amount is calculated based on wages from all covered employers during your base period. Each employer that paid you wages contributed to the fund through their payroll taxes.
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Giovanni Moretti
•That makes sense! So it's not just my most recent employer that's 'paying' for my benefits.
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Fatima Al-Farsi
this whole thread has been super helpful! I had no idea how the financing worked behind the scenes. Thanks everyone for explaining it so clearly
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Chloe Harris
•Same here! I feel like I understand the system so much better now.
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Dylan Cooper
•Yeah it's actually pretty interesting how it all works together. The more you know!
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