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Based on your age (under 18), I think you should be extra careful here. The fact that you're a sole proprietor at 17 is great, but it also raises some potential complications. Since you're a minor, the way your business income and deductions are reported might be affected by your parents' tax situation. In some cases, what's called the "Kiddie Tax" could apply to your business income. Have you talked with your parents about how they're handling your business income on their tax returns? Before making any major purchases with tax implications, that's an important conversation to have.
I actually haven't discussed this with my parents in detail yet. They let me run my business independently, but you make a good point about the tax implications. My business made about $22,000 last year, and I was planning to file my own return. What's this "Kiddie Tax" you mentioned? Does it mean I can't take the same deductions as adult business owners?
The Kiddie Tax applies to unearned income (like investment income) above certain thresholds for dependents under 19 (or 24 for full-time students). Business income is generally considered earned income, so your business profits would typically not be subject to Kiddie Tax rules. However, since you're a minor, there are still considerations about whether you file your own return or are claimed as a dependent on your parents' return. With $22,000 in business income, you would need to file your own return for that income, but your parents might still claim you as a dependent if they provide more than half of your support.
Don't forget to look into mileage tracking apps! I made the mistake of not tracking my miles properly when I started my business and lost out on thousands in deductions. Even though you're using the car less than 50% for business, every business mile counts. You can either take the standard mileage rate (65.5 cents per mile in 2023) OR actual expenses including depreciation - but not both. For someone your age just starting out, I actually recommend the standard mileage method. It's simpler and often works out better for smaller vehicles with good fuel economy. Plus, you avoid all the recapture headaches if you sell the car later.
Which mileage app do you recommend? I tried one last year but kept forgetting to use it.
I've used TurboTax Home & Business for the past 3 tax seasons with a similar mix of income sources. Honestly, it's pretty straightforward for your situation. The education expenses are simple to enter - it asks specific questions about your tuition and related expenses. For the self-employment portion, it breaks down common deductions by business type. Just make sure you've tracked your business expenses well throughout the year. The biggest hassle is entering all the individual expenses, but if you have good records it's not too bad. One tip: if you buy it through Amazon or Costco, you can often find it for $10-15 less than the list price!
Do you think TurboTax would catch something like the Qualified Business Income deduction? I've heard that's a big potential tax break for self-employed people, but I'm not sure if I qualify or how to calculate it.
TurboTax absolutely handles the Qualified Business Income deduction automatically. It determines your eligibility based on your business type and income level, then calculates the deduction without you needing to understand the complex rules. It also helps with things like the home office deduction (if applicable) and separates your self-employment tax calculations automatically. The software has gotten really good at guiding you through potential deductions with a simple interview process - it asks questions in plain English rather than tax jargon.
I was in this exact situation last year! I tried FreeTaxUSA instead of TurboTax and was really happy with it. It handled both my W-2 and self-employment income perfectly and cost WAY less than TurboTax. I think I paid about $15 for federal filing with self-employment, plus another $15 for state filing. The interface isn't quite as polished as TurboTax, but it asks all the same questions and covers education expenses, business mileage, and self-employment deductions thoroughly. Their support was also helpful when I had questions.
FreeTaxUSA is good but I found it doesn't give as much guidance for self-employment deductions. TurboTax specifically asks about industry-specific deductions you might miss otherwise. Worth the extra money in my experience since it saved me way more than the price difference.
Another option to consider is using a low-interest credit card to pay the tax bill, especially if you can get a 0% intro APR card. I did this last year when I owed about $5k. Credit card processing fees were about 1.9% ($95), but then I had 18 months at 0% interest to pay it off. Worked out way cheaper than the IRS interest rate + penalties.
Interesting idea! Do you know if there are specific credit cards that work better for this? I'd definitely consider this option if I could get approved for a decent limit.
Most major banks offer 0% intro APR cards if you have decent credit. Chase Freedom, Citi Simplicity, and Discover It all worked for me in the past. The key is making sure the 0% period is long enough for you to pay it off completely, and calculating whether the processing fee (usually 1.87-1.98% when paying taxes with credit card) is worth it compared to the IRS interest and penalties. For your $7,800 bill, you'd pay about $150 in processing fees, but then have no interest for 12-18 months depending on the card. Just be absolutely sure you can pay it off before the 0% period ends, because those interest rates will jump to 18-29% afterward.
Don't forget about the IRS Fresh Start program! If you owe less than $50,000, you can get up to 72 months to pay. The interest still applies, but it's way better than collections. I set mine up online at irs.gov/payments and it was pretty simple.
An important distinction that hasn't been mentioned yet - there's a difference between "Beneficial Owners" and "Company Applicants" on the BOI report. If your subsidiary LLC was formed after January 1, 2024, you'll need to list both beneficial owners AND company applicants. If formed before that date, you only need to list beneficial owners. Also, don't forget that some entities are exempt from BOI reporting altogether. If your partnership qualifies as a "large operating company" (over 20 full-time employees and $5M+ in gross receipts), then the subsidiary might be exempt too. Worth checking if you qualify.
Thanks for mentioning this! Our LLC was formed in 2022, so sounds like we only need to worry about the beneficial owners part? And unfortunately we're nowhere near the exemption thresholds - small family business here.
That's correct. Since your LLC was formed before January 1, 2024, you only need to report the beneficial owners, not the company applicants. And regarding exemptions, yes, if you're a small family business you'll likely need to file. The exemptions mostly benefit larger companies or those already under heavy regulation (like publicly traded companies, banks, credit unions, etc.). Most small businesses will need to file BOI reports for each entity they own or control.
One thing to be careful about - if you're filing BOI reports for multiple related entities, make sure you're consistent in how you identify beneficial owners across all filings. FinCEN can compare these reports, and inconsistencies could trigger questions or audits. For example, if Partner X is listed as having substantial control of the partnership, but then isn't listed on the subsidiary LLC's report, that might raise flags. I recommend creating a chart showing all entities and beneficial owners before filing to ensure consistency.
Zainab Omar
Have you considered offering a payment plan as a service with a small fee? I'm a tax preparer too and I started charging a 10% convenience fee for split payments. Most clients either decide to pay in full or they accept the additional fee. It turns the conversation from "No, I don't accept split payments" to "Yes, I can offer that service for a small additional fee." Psychologically, it works better because you're not rejecting their request outright. I also make it clear that I don't file or release any completed returns until payment is received in full. That policy is stated on my intake forms that clients sign before I start work.
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Fatima Al-Qasimi
ā¢I like this approach - it flips the script from rejection to accommodation with conditions. That might work much better with my client base. Do you have clients sign anything specific for the split payment arrangement? And have you had any issues with people not paying the second portion?
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Zainab Omar
ā¢I have a simple one-page addendum they sign that outlines the payment schedule and the consequences of non-payment (which include me not filing their return and potentially taking them to small claims court for unpaid services if necessary). I've only had one person not pay their second installment in three years of offering this. I called them, reminded them firmly but professionally about our agreement, and they paid within 48 hours. Having the signed document is key - it turns a verbal agreement into a legal contract they've committed to.
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Yara Sayegh
Maybe I'm old school, but I think you're overthinking this. Just say "I'm sorry, but I require payment in full at the time of service." End of story. You don't need to explain or justify your business policies. If a client doesn't like it, they can find another preparer. There are plenty of clients out there who will respect your boundaries and pay properly. I've been doing taxes for 15 years and have never had an issue with being direct about my payment requirements.
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NebulaNova
ā¢Exactly this. Why is everyone making this so complicated? It's YOUR business. YOU set the terms. If clients don't like it, they can go to H&R Block or do their taxes themselves on TurboTax. Stand your ground or people will walk all over you forever.
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Fatima Al-Qasimi
ā¢I appreciate the straightforward approach, but I'm also conscious about maintaining relationships with long-term clients during tough economic times. Some of these people have been with me for years, so I'm trying to find a balance between good business practices and accommodating loyal customers. That said, you're right that clear boundaries are important. I think I need to be more direct and confident when explaining my policies instead of feeling apologetic about it.
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