Doesn't the tiebreaker rule mean that if two people can claim a child, the person with the higher AGI gets the claim? Or is that only when both people are equally eligible?

The tiebreaker rules only come into play when BOTH people are eligible to claim the dependent under all the qualifying child or qualifying relative tests. They're essentially the "last resort" when two people legitimately could claim the same dependent. In most disputes like this, the IRS determines only one person actually qualifies under the support and residency tests. If the child lived with the grandparent for more than half the year and the grandparent provided more than half the support, then the tiebreaker rules won't even be needed - the other person simply doesn't qualify regardless of their AGI.

You don't need proof for all that. IRS Publication 501 clearly states that for the support test, you only need to show you provided MORE than half of the child's total support for the year. You don't need to document every single expense.

ur right but in an audit they ask for everything. my cousin had to make a spreadsheet showing all expenses for the kid and who paid what. better to have too much proof than not enough! in a normal year ya don't need all that but when someone else also claimed the same kid its different. they check everything super carefully.

How quickly should I do the conversion after contributing? Mine sat for about 2 weeks and earned like $12 in interest. Is that going to cause issues?

A couple weeks is totally fine, and $12 in interest isn't going to cause major issues. You'll just need to pay taxes on that $12 when you do your 2024 taxes (since that's when the conversion happened). The real problems happen when people contribute to a traditional IRA and then wait months or even a year before converting, allowing significant earnings to accumulate. Some people have their traditional IRA in investments that could grow substantially before conversion, creating a larger tax bill.

I've used TurboTax for backdoor Roth for the past 3 years. It works but is a bit confusing. When it asks if you want to deduct your traditional IRA contribution, make sure to say NO. Then it will guide you through the Form 8606 for non-deductible contributions. The next year, it'll help you report the conversion with the 1099-R.

But doesn't the SECURE Act eliminate the stretch IRA approach you're describing? I thought that's what the 10-year rule was about - that I have to empty the account within 10 years now instead of spreading it over my lifetime. I'm so confused because different sources say different things!

You're right to be confused - the SECURE Act did eliminate the lifetime stretch for many beneficiaries, replacing it with the 10-year rule. However, there are exceptions based on when the original owner died and your relationship to them. Since your father died in 2022 and hadn't yet reached his required beginning date (age 72), you might still qualify for special treatment under certain circumstances. This is why your calculation seemed low - if you do qualify for the life expectancy method, you'll get a much smaller initial distribution than if you were simply dividing by 10 years. I'd recommend getting professional tax advice specific to your situation to confirm which method applies to you. The penalties for getting this wrong are significant (25% of the underpayment).

OMG yes! TD Ameritrade told me I had to take all the money out in 5 years, then Schwab said 10 years, and my tax guy said I could stretch it over my lifetime. I ended up requesting a private letter ruling from the IRS which cost me $10,000 but was worth it to get a definitive answer for my situation. The rules are so complicated now with all the SECURE Act changes.

That's not a bad approach for quick budgeting! Do you have any tips for how to determine the withholding percentages for each scenario? Are you just using the actual percentages from past paychecks?

I just look at my past paystubs and calculate the actual withholding percentage for each category. So I'll find a few examples of 40-hour weeks, average the withholding percentage, and use that. Same for the other scenarios. It's not perfect, but it gets me close enough for budgeting. The key is to categorize your past paychecks based on hours worked and then find the patterns. Over time, you'll see that the percentages are fairly consistent within each band of hours.

The IRS calculator is good for annual planning but it's not great for weekly variations. It assumes consistent income throughout the year which is exactly what OP doesn't have.

I'm worried about messing something up if I try to do it on paper. Is there a good tutorial somewhere for filling out 1040-X? Also, do I need to redo all the calculations from scratch or can I use what TurboTax already calculated?

The IRS has a decent tutorial on their website with instructions for Form 1040-X. Just search "how to file 1040-X IRS" and it should come up. You don't have to redo everything from scratch. Use the calculations from both your accepted 1099 return and the rejected W-2 return as starting points. The 1040-X has three columns: A (original figures), B (net change), and C (correct amount). Column A would be your accepted 1099 return amounts, column B shows the changes from adding your W-2 income, and column C is the final combined total. It sounds more complicated than it is when you're actually looking at the form.

Totally agree. And make sure you keep copies of EVERYTHING - both returns, all your documents, and any communication with the IRS. I had a similar issue resolved but then got a notice 6 months later questioning my amendment. Having all my paperwork saved me from a huge headache.