Quick tip for when you get your PTIN - keep track of ALL expenses related to your tax prep business, even while you're a student/dependent. Things like: - PTIN registration fee - Tax software - Office supplies - Portion of internet/phone - Mileage to client meetings - Reference materials/courses These are all deductible business expenses on your Schedule C, even if your parents claim you as a dependent! I missed out on some deductions my first year because I didn't track everything properly.

Great question! I went through this exact same situation two years ago when I was a junior in college. Being claimed as a dependent has absolutely no impact on your ability to get a PTIN - they're completely separate issues. The PTIN application process is straightforward: go to the IRS PTIN website, create an account, fill out the application with your personal info (SSN, address, etc.), answer some ethics questions, and pay the fee (I think it was around $50 when I applied). You don't need to have filed your own taxes independently first. One thing to keep in mind though - once you start earning income from tax prep work, you'll need to report that income on your own tax return (Schedule C for self-employment income) even though you're still claimed as a dependent. Your parents claiming you doesn't change your obligation to report your own earnings. Also, don't forget about self-employment taxes! Even if your regular income is below the filing threshold, if you make more than $400 from self-employment (like tax prep), you'll need to pay SE taxes on that income. Good luck with your tax prep career! It's great experience for an accounting student.

Has anyone actually tried to do what OP is asking on their tax return? I'm curious if the tax software would even let you. When I use TurboTax, it seems to automatically apply as much investment interest as possible against my investment income.

I appreciate everyone's thorough discussion on this topic. As someone who works in tax preparation, I can confirm what others have said - the IRS does NOT allow voluntary deferral of investment interest expense when you have sufficient investment income to use it in the current year. The key thing to understand is that Form 4952 is a calculation form, not an election form. Line 5 (deductible investment interest expense) is determined by the lesser of your investment interest expense or your net investment income - there's no checkbox or option to voluntarily reduce this amount. However, the suggestion about managing the timing of income recognition is spot-on. You do have control over when you realize capital gains by choosing when to sell investments. If you're really looking to defer the tax benefit, consider whether you truly need to realize all those gains this year, or if some could be pushed to next year when the deduction might be more valuable to you. Just remember that any tax planning strategy should consider your overall financial picture, not just one deduction in isolation.

14 Just a heads up that many CPAs are completely booked for this tax season already. I waited until February last year and ended up having to file an extension because nobody had availability. Might want to start calling around asap!

Great question! I went through this exact same transition a few years ago. You're absolutely right to consider a professional with your more complex situation - rental properties and side businesses have a lot of nuances that TurboTax might miss. To answer your main question: You will still be the one signing your tax return as the taxpayer. The CPA signs as the paid preparer, but you're ultimately responsible for the accuracy of the information. However, a good CPA will have professional liability insurance and should stand behind their work. Here's what typically happens: You'll have an initial meeting where you bring all your documents (W-2s, 1099s, rental income/expense records, business receipts, etc.). They'll prepare your return and then schedule a review meeting to go through everything with you before you sign. This review is crucial - ask questions about anything you don't understand! One tip: Ask potential CPAs about their experience specifically with rental properties and small businesses. Some are more focused on individual returns and might not be as familiar with Schedule E or Schedule C complexities. Also ask about their audit support policy upfront. Start calling soon though - many good CPAs get booked up quickly during tax season!

According to the IRS Operations Dashboard (https://www.irs.gov/newsroom/irs-operations), they're currently processing a backlog of verification cases. The letter notification is almost certainly legitimate. The TaxpayerAdvocate.org site specifically mentions that the WMR tool showing a letter status is accurate in 97% of cases, even when the systems seem misaligned. I'd recommend preparing documentation like your W-2s, 1099s, and identity verification just in case that's what they're requesting.

I went through this exact same situation about 6 weeks ago and can share what happened in my case. The WMR status change you're describing is usually triggered when the IRS needs additional verification - in my case it was a CP05 notice requesting income verification because one of my W-2s didn't match what their systems had on file from my employer. The letter took exactly 2.5 weeks to arrive, and once I provided the requested documentation through their online portal, my refund was released within 3 weeks. I'd recommend checking your tax transcripts online now if you can access them, as they often show the specific notice codes before the physical letter arrives. Given that you're caring for your mother and need the refund, having that advance knowledge of what's coming can help you prepare the right documents ahead of time.

Don't forget about tax treaties! Depending on your home country, there might be specific provisions in a tax treaty with the US that affect your filing status or provide certain exemptions. These can override the general rules sometimes. What country are you from?

Sweden has a favorable tax treaty with the US! Under Article 20 of the US-Sweden tax treaty, students and trainees (including researchers) can exclude up to $5,000 of their income from US taxation, and in some cases even more depending on the source of funding. Since you're a J1 researcher from Sweden, you should definitely look into claiming treaty benefits using Form 8833. This could potentially save you money regardless of whether you file 1040 or 1040NR. The treaty provisions might also affect your residency determination. I'd recommend reviewing IRS Publication 901 which covers the US-Sweden tax treaty specifics, or consulting with a tax professional who understands international tax treaties. Given the complexity with your exempt individual status AND potential treaty benefits, it might be worth getting professional guidance to make sure you're optimizing your tax situation.