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Does anyone know if there's a dollar limit for meal deductions? Last year I had a few expensive client dinners (around $300-400 each) that were definitely business related, but I'm worried they might look excessive to the IRS.
There's no specific dollar limit for meal deductions, but they must be "reasonable" and not "lavish or extravagant" according to IRS guidelines. What's considered reasonable depends on the circumstances and your industry. A $300-400 meal might be perfectly reasonable if you're in high-end sales, financial services, or certain consulting fields where that's normal client entertainment. The key is whether the expense is ordinary and necessary for your business. Make sure your documentation clearly shows the business purpose and who attended.
Great discussion here! Just wanted to add one more important point about Schedule C Line 24b meal documentation. Beyond keeping receipts and noting business purpose, I've found it helpful to take photos of the business cards of people I meet with during meals. This creates an easy backup record of who attended and their business connection to you. Also, if you're using a business credit card for meals, make sure the statement description clearly shows it's a restaurant/meal expense. Some merchants code differently than you'd expect, and having clear records helps during tax prep. I learned this the hard way when my accountant questioned a "business meal" that showed up as a generic merchant code on my statement. For anyone still confused about the 50% limitation - you deduct 50% of the actual meal cost on your Schedule C. So if you spent $100 on a qualifying business meal, you can deduct $50 as a business expense.
This is really helpful advice! I never thought about taking photos of business cards - that's such a simple way to document who you met with. I've been struggling with keeping track of all the details for my meal deductions. Quick question about the 50% rule - when you say "deduct 50% of the actual meal cost," does that include tax and tip? Or just the food portion? I want to make sure I'm calculating this correctly on my Schedule C.
Can you reach out to any other family members who might be able to help as a go-between? Sometimes having a neutral third party can help in these situations. Otherwise Form 4852 is exactly what it's designed for - situations where you can't get a W-2 but need to file your taxes.
I'm dealing with a similar family business situation right now, so I really feel for you. One thing that might help is checking if your family's business uses any payroll service like ADP, Paychex, or QuickBooks Payroll. Sometimes you can get your W-2 directly from the payroll company's website even if you can't contact your employer directly. Also, if you have any old login credentials for a payroll portal or employee self-service site, those might still work. I was able to download my W-2 from our family business's ADP portal even after leaving because they never deactivated my account. If those options don't work, Form 4852 really is your best bet. The IRS designed it specifically for situations like yours where getting the W-2 isn't realistic. Just be as accurate as possible with your estimates and keep any documentation you have (paystubs, bank deposits, etc.) in case they ask questions later.
That's a really smart suggestion about checking payroll service portals! I hadn't thought of that. Do you know if there are any other common payroll companies besides ADP and Paychex that small family businesses typically use? I'm trying to remember if they mentioned using any specific service when I worked there, but honestly the whole payroll process wasn't something I paid much attention to at the time. Also, when you say "keep documentation in case they ask questions later" - do you mean the IRS might follow up even after accepting the 4852 and processing the return? I'm already nervous enough about this whole situation without worrying about potential future audits.
Remember that the IRS looks at the "ordinary and necessary" standard for business deductions. Ask yourself: Is paying for a college degree an ordinary and necessary expense in your specific industry? For most businesses, general college tuition doesn't meet this test. The safest approach is to take business deductions only for targeted education that directly impacts your current business and take personal education credits for your degree program. Don't risk aggressive deductions that could trigger an audit!
This "ordinary and necessary" standard trips up so many small business owners. I've seen people try to write off everything from general college degrees to language classes that weren't relevant to their actual business.
Great discussion everyone! As someone who's been through this exact situation, I want to emphasize the importance of documentation if you do decide to deduct any education expenses. The IRS will want to see a clear business purpose for each course or program. I keep a detailed log showing how each class directly relates to my current business operations - not just vague connections, but specific skills I'm using in my work. For example, if I take a project management course, I document which client projects I'm applying those skills to and how it's improving my business performance. Also worth noting - even if some courses qualify as business deductions, you still need to be careful about how you categorize them. The IRS distinguishes between education that maintains/improves current skills versus education that qualifies you for a new trade. Make sure you're crystal clear about which category your expenses fall into before claiming any deductions.
This documentation approach is exactly what I needed to hear! I've been keeping pretty loose records, but your specific example about the project management course really shows how detailed I need to be. Do you have any recommendations for how to structure this documentation? Like should I keep a spreadsheet tracking each course, the business justification, and specific examples of how I'm applying the skills? I want to make sure I'm prepared if the IRS ever questions these deductions.
Quick question for anyone who's done this before - does the 1099-C amount affect the calculation of estate taxes at all? My grandma's estate has a similar situation with almost $28,000 in canceled debt.
Generally speaking, canceled debt that's excluded from income (like debt canceled due to death) doesn't affect the estate tax calculation directly. Estate taxes are based on the value of assets transferred, not on the income of the estate. However, having less debt generally means more net assets in the estate, which could potentially increase the estate tax if the estate is large enough to be taxable (over $12.92 million for 2025). For most people, this won't be an issue since their estates fall well below the federal threshold, though some states have lower thresholds for state estate taxes.
I went through almost the exact same situation last year when my father-in-law passed away. We received two 1099-C forms after his death - one for about $12,000 and another for $7,500. It was really confusing at first because we didn't know if we needed to include this as income on our personal taxes or handle it through the estate. What we learned is that you definitely want to check the "reason codes" on each 1099-C form. If they have Code D (death of debtor), then the canceled debt isn't taxable income to the estate. But you still need to report it on Form 1041 and file Form 982 to show the exclusion. The tricky part was figuring out the timeline - one of the debts was actually settled before he passed away due to financial hardship, so that one was potentially taxable to the estate. We ended up having to dig through his records to understand exactly when each debt was canceled and why. My advice would be to gather all the documentation you can about when and why the debt was canceled, then either work with a tax professional who handles estates or use one of the tools others mentioned to make sure you're reporting everything correctly. The IRS will definitely be expecting to see that 1099-C addressed somewhere in your filing.
This is really helpful - thank you for sharing your experience! The timeline issue you mentioned is something I hadn't considered. We found the 1099-C in her paperwork but I'm not 100% sure exactly when the debt was actually canceled versus when the form was issued. Do you remember how you were able to determine the exact cancellation dates? Did you have to contact the creditors directly, or were you able to figure it out from the documentation your father-in-law had? I'm wondering if I need to do some detective work to make sure we're handling this correctly.
We had to do a bit of detective work, but it was manageable. First, we looked at the 1099-C form itself - Box 2 shows the date the debt was canceled, which is different from when the form was issued or mailed. That's the key date you need. For the debt that was settled before his death, we found correspondence in his files from the creditor confirming the settlement agreement and the date it was finalized. For the other debt, we actually called the creditor's customer service line and explained we were handling the estate - they were able to confirm that the debt was written off specifically because of his death and gave us the exact date. If you can't find documentation in her papers, I'd recommend calling the creditor that issued the 1099-C. Have her death certificate handy and explain you're the executor handling the estate. Most creditors are pretty helpful in these situations and can tell you exactly when and why the debt was canceled. The key is making sure you can prove whether it happened before or after death, since that determines the tax treatment.
Zachary Hughes
In addition to what others have said, I want to emphasize that the IRS has specific "tie-breaker rules" for situations exactly like yours. Since you both live with the child, the tie-breaker rules say: 1. The parent gets priority over a non-parent 2. If both people are parents, the one with higher AGI (Adjusted Gross Income) gets to claim the child 3. If one parent already claimed the child (your girlfriend), the other parent (you) would need to have a higher AGI to override her claim The fact that your girlfriend already filed as Head of Household with your daughter as her dependent indicates she's already claimed the EIC. If you try to claim it too, it's going to trigger an immediate flag in the IRS system, and one or both of you will likely face an audit.
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Mia Alvarez
ā¢Does the same rule apply to stimulus payments for dependents? My ex and I have been alternating years for claiming our son, but we got confused with the stimulus payment rules.
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Zachary Hughes
ā¢The stimulus payments operated under slightly different rules than regular tax credits. For the pandemic-era Economic Impact Payments (stimulus checks), the payment for eligible dependents generally went to whoever claimed the child on their most recently filed tax return that the IRS had processed when the payments were issued. For future reference, the IRS typically uses the most recent tax year information they have on file when distributing special payments like stimulus checks. That's why it's important to keep your filing status and dependent information up-to-date. If you alternate years for claiming your son, the parent who claimed him on the most recent return before the stimulus payment would generally receive the dependent portion.
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Carter Holmes
Just to share another perspective, my ex and I were both claiming EIC for our daughter (different addresses but shared custody) a few years back. We both got audited and had to provide documentation showing where our daughter lived. It was a huge headache! The IRS ended up making my ex pay back the EIC plus penalties because our daughter lived with me for more than half the year. They don't mess around with this - their systems are pretty good at catching when the same child's SSN is used to claim EIC on multiple returns. Don't risk it. Fix your return before filing if possible. If you've already filed, you might want to file an amended return (Form 1040-X) to remove the EIC claim before the IRS contacts you about it.
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Sophia Long
ā¢Did they make you prove where the child lived? What kind of documentation did they ask for? I'm worried because we don't have a formal custody agreement, just an informal arrangement.
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