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I had a very similar situation as an F1 student from Brazil last year. The confusion around Schedule D vs Schedule NEC is unfortunately common because many tax preparers aren't familiar with the specific rules for international students with investment income. Here's what I learned after doing extensive research: The key factor is where you are physically located when you make the trades. Since you're trading through Robinhood while physically present in the US on your F1 visa, these capital gains are considered "effectively connected income" (ECI) and must be reported on Schedule D. Schedule NEC would only apply if you were receiving passive investment income that's NOT effectively connected - for example, if you owned stocks in an Indian brokerage account and sold them while you were back home for winter break. Regarding the India-US tax treaty: You're correct that capital gains don't receive special treaty benefits. However, because your gains are ECI, you'll be taxed at graduated rates rather than the flat 30% nonresident rate. Short-term gains (held less than 1 year) are taxed as ordinary income at your marginal rate, while long-term gains qualify for the preferential capital gains rates (0%, 15%, or 20%). Don't worry about the missing 1099-B - brokers often only provide electronic copies now. Check your Robinhood account online under tax documents. Even without it, you're required to report all transactions using your trading history. I'd strongly recommend getting a second opinion from someone who specializes in international student taxes, as the HR Block advisor's recommendation could lead to significant filing errors.
This is incredibly helpful - thank you for such a detailed explanation! The distinction about where you're physically located when making trades really clarifies everything. I was getting so confused by conflicting advice but this makes perfect sense. I'm glad to hear that as ECI, I'll qualify for the same preferential long-term capital gains rates as US residents. Most of my positions were held for more than a year, so this could save me quite a bit compared to ordinary income rates. You're absolutely right about getting a second opinion from someone who specializes in international student taxes. I'm definitely not going back to that HR Block advisor who recommended Schedule NEC - that could have been a costly mistake! One more question if you don't mind: Did you have any issues with your state tax return? I'm in California and wondering if the same Schedule D treatment applies at the state level, or if there are different rules for nonresidents filing CA state returns.
I want to add another perspective as someone who went through this exact situation as an F1 student from South Korea. The consensus here is absolutely correct - Schedule D is the right form for your Robinhood trades. What really helped me understand this was learning about the "effectively connected income" test. The IRS considers three factors: (1) whether the income is from assets used in or held for use in conducting a trade or business in the US, (2) whether the business activities in the US were a material factor in producing the income, and (3) whether the income is derived from sources within the US. For F1 students actively trading stocks while physically present in the US, you typically meet criteria (2) and (3), making it ECI that goes on Schedule D. The good news about your India-US tax treaty question is that even though capital gains don't get special treaty rates, the ECI treatment means you avoid the 30% flat rate and get taxed like a US resident. I saved about $800 in taxes by having long-term capital gains taxed at 15% instead of my ordinary income rate of 22%. One practical tip: Since you mentioned you made $3,200 in gains, make sure to set aside money for taxes if you haven't already. Even with preferential rates, you'll likely owe something, and international students can't always make estimated payments as easily as US residents. The Schedule NEC advice from HR Block was definitely wrong - that form is for things like rental income from property in your home country or certain royalty payments, not US stock trading.
This is such a thorough breakdown of the ECI test - thank you! The three-factor analysis really helps clarify why stock trading while on F1 status qualifies as effectively connected income. I wish more tax preparers understood these nuances for international students. Your point about setting aside money for taxes is really important. I actually hadn't calculated what I might owe yet, so I should probably do that soon. Do you remember roughly what percentage of your gains you ended up paying in total taxes (federal + state if applicable)? Just trying to get a ballpark estimate for my own planning. Also, I'm curious about the estimated payments issue you mentioned. Are F1 students not able to make quarterly estimated payments like US residents? I thought if you expect to owe more than $1,000, you're supposed to make estimated payments regardless of visa status.
You can absolutely make estimated payments as an F1 student! I think there might be some confusion about this. F1 students who expect to owe $1,000 or more should make quarterly estimated payments just like anyone else filing in the US. The challenge is more practical than legal - many international students don't realize they need to make estimated payments, or they struggle with calculating the right amounts since our tax situations can be more complex with multiple income sources (campus job + trading + potentially treaty benefits). For my tax rate calculation: I ended up paying about 18% effective rate on my total capital gains between federal and state (I was in New York). My long-term gains were taxed at 15% federal + 8% NY state, while short-term gains were taxed at my ordinary income rate of 22% federal + 8% state. The blended rate worked out to around 18% since most of my gains were long-term. Your rate in California might be a bit different since CA has higher state tax rates, but you should still benefit significantly from the long-term capital gains treatment if most of your positions were held over a year. I'd recommend using Form 1040ES to calculate your estimated payments for next quarter if you expect similar trading activity this year.
Honestly, I think you're overthinking this. Lots of people get small amounts through cashapp and venmo and don't report it. The IRS is way too busy going after big fish to care about your $3k unless you're already being audited for something else. Not saying you SHOULDN'T report it, just being realistic about the situation. I have friends who do OF and similar stuff and they don't report anything under like $10k with no issues.
This is terrible advice. The IRS has been massively increasing their focus on digital payments and unreported income from online platforms. They're specifically targeting this kind of income now. I know someone who got hit with a huge bill plus penalties for unreported social media income. The payment apps are increasingly reporting to the IRS. It's SO not worth the stress of wondering if/when they'll catch up to you.
The reporting threshold for apps like CashApp may be $20k, but that doesn't change your legal obligation to report ALL income regardless of amount. The threshold only affects whether you get a 1099-K, not whether the income is taxable. Also worth noting that the IRS has a 6-year lookback period for unreported income. So even if they don't catch it this year, they could find it years later when the penalties and interest have built up significantly. Especially risky if you ever get audited for something unrelated.
I understand the awkwardness of this situation - tax questions about sensitive income sources can be really stressful when you can't ask your usual help! Just to reinforce what others have said: yes, this is taxable income that needs to be reported. The key factor is that there's a clear relationship between your content and the payments received, which makes it business income rather than gifts. A few practical tips for your situation: - Keep detailed records of all payments received, even without official forms - Track any expenses related to content creation (equipment, internet portion, etc.) as these are deductible - Consider setting aside about 25-30% of future earnings for taxes (income + self-employment tax) - You can describe the income generically as "digital content creation" on your tax forms The good news is that $3,300 over 3 months isn't a huge amount tax-wise, and with proper deductions, your actual tax liability will be much less than the gross income. Filing correctly now also protects you from potential penalties and interest if the IRS catches unreported income later. Don't let the awkwardness of the situation lead to tax problems - it's much easier to handle this properly upfront than deal with IRS issues down the road!
This is really helpful advice, thank you! The 25-30% setting aside tip is especially useful - I had no idea it would be that much. Quick question though: when you say "digital content creation" on tax forms, is that specific enough or do I need to be more detailed? I'm trying to balance being honest with keeping some privacy about the exact nature of what I was doing. Also, for tracking expenses going forward, would things like makeup or clothing used specifically for content count as deductible business expenses? I'm realizing I probably spent more on this stuff than I initially thought.
Has anyone had experience with how state taxes treat the PPP loan forgiveness for S-Corps? I know federally it's tax-exempt, but I've heard some states are treating it differently and it's causing issues with the state-equivalent of the 1120S.
Yeah, it varies by state. I'm in California and they didn't conform to the federal treatment initially, which made for a really confusing filing. Had to add back the PPP forgiveness as income for state purposes but not federal. Check your specific state tax agency's guidance because it's all over the map.
Just went through this exact situation with my S-Corp last month! The PPP forgiveness definitely goes on Schedule K line 16b as tax-exempt income, and yes, it increases your shareholder basis even though it's not taxable. For Schedule M-2, you'll report it on line 3 as "Other additions" to your AAA (Accumulated Adjustments Account). This is crucial because it affects your ability to take distributions without tax consequences later. One thing that tripped me up initially - make sure your QuickBooks entries are set up correctly. I created a separate income account called "PPP Loan Forgiveness" and marked it as non-taxable income. This way it flows through properly for tax reporting but doesn't mess up your regular P&L analysis. The $42,000 forgiveness will definitely help your basis position, which is great if you need to take any distributions or if the business has losses to pass through. Keep all your forgiveness documentation with your tax records - you won't need to attach it to the return, but the IRS could ask for it later.
This is really helpful! I'm new to handling S-Corp taxes and the PPP situation has been confusing me. Quick question - when you set up that separate "PPP Loan Forgiveness" account in QuickBooks, did you categorize it under a specific account type? I want to make sure I'm setting this up correctly from the start so it doesn't cause issues when I export to my tax software.
Has anyone here actually successfully dissolved an LLC without hiring a lawyer? I'm trying to figure out if I can handle this myself or if I should just pay someone to take care of it. My LLC (also did nothing) is registered in Florida if that helps.
I dissolved my LLC in Florida last year without a lawyer. It was pretty straightforward - just filed the Articles of Dissolution form (search for form "LLC Dissolution" on sunbiz.org) and paid the $25 fee. Make sure your annual report is filed first and that you don't have any outstanding tax obligations. The whole process took maybe 20 minutes online plus a few weeks of processing time.
Great advice from everyone here! Just wanted to add that if you're feeling overwhelmed by all the different requirements (federal, state, dissolution procedures), don't forget that the IRS also has some helpful resources on their website. Publication 3402 specifically covers tax issues for LLCs, including inactive ones. Also, make sure to keep good records of everything you do to close the LLC - the dissolution paperwork, any final tax filings, correspondence with state agencies, etc. This documentation will be valuable if any questions come up later. I learned this the hard way when I had to reconstruct paperwork for an old business years later. One last tip: if you formed the LLC late in the year and it truly had zero activity, some tax preparers recommend including a statement with your return explaining the situation (like "LLC formed in December 2023, no business activity conducted"). It's not required but can help prevent any confusion if the IRS has questions.
This is really helpful documentation advice! I'm definitely going to keep everything organized in case there are questions later. Quick follow-up - when you mention including a statement with the return, do you just write it on a separate piece of paper and attach it, or is there a specific form section where explanatory statements go? I want to make sure I do this right since my LLC situation is pretty similar to the original poster's.
For explanatory statements, you typically just attach a separate sheet of paper to your return with a clear heading like "Statement Regarding [LLC Name]" and then explain the situation in plain language. There's no specific IRS form for this - it's just additional documentation. Make sure to include your name, SSN, and the tax year at the top of the statement, and reference which schedule or form it relates to (like "Attached to Schedule C"). Keep it brief but clear - something like "XYZ LLC was formed in December 2023 but conducted no business activities during the tax year. No income, expenses, or business transactions occurred." This creates a clear paper trail showing you properly disclosed the entity's existence and inactivity.
MoonlightSonata
Have you checked if your car insurance has increased because you're using your vehicle for work? Many policies charge more if you use your car for business purposes, and some won't cover accidents that happen while you're working unless you have a special rider. Just something else to consider when calculating your actual costs.
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Mateo Gonzalez
β’This is such an important point! I didn't tell my insurance I was using my car for work visits and had an accident between patient homes. They initially denied my claim until I was able to argue that I wasn't technically "on the clock" during the drive between sites. Total nightmare.
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Ella rollingthunder87
Great point about insurance coverage! I actually had to deal with this exact issue last year. Most personal auto policies have exclusions for "business use" but there's often a distinction between commuting to work and actually conducting business with your vehicle. For home health nurses, you're essentially using your car as a mobile office to travel between clients. I ended up having to add a business use endorsement to my policy, which cost about $200 extra annually, but it was worth it for the peace of mind. Another thing to consider - if you do get into an accident while traveling between patients, your employer's liability insurance might not cover you since you're using your personal vehicle. Some agencies carry "non-owned auto" coverage that extends to employees using personal vehicles for work, but many don't. Definitely worth calling your insurance agent to clarify your coverage before continuing with patient visits. The last thing you want is to be stuck with a huge bill because of a coverage gap!
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Ella Thompson
β’This is really helpful information! I hadn't even thought about the insurance implications. I've been driving between patients for 6 months now and just assumed my regular auto insurance would cover me. Do you know if there's a difference between visiting patients at their homes versus going to different medical facilities? I'm wondering if the insurance company would view home visits differently since they're more like "business locations" rather than just commuting to a workplace. Also, when you added the business use endorsement, did you have to provide documentation from your employer about your job duties, or was it pretty straightforward to add?
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