Don't forget that your K-1 losses might push you into claiming a Net Operating Loss (NOL) if they're large enough to offset all your other income. The rules for NOLs changed after the TCJA - now you can only carry them forward, not back, and they're limited to 80% of taxable income in future years.

This is exactly the kind of confusion I had when I first started receiving K-1s! The key thing to understand is that partnership taxation operates on a "conduit" theory - the partnership itself doesn't pay taxes, so all income and losses flow through to the partners whether you receive cash distributions or not. Your K-1 losses are legitimate tax deductions, not some kind of accounting trick. The partnership actually incurred these losses through its business operations, and as a partner, you're allocated your proportionate share. This is fundamentally different from stock investments where you only recognize losses when you sell. To address your concern about "paying it back" - if the company becomes profitable in future years, you'll receive K-1s showing income rather than losses, which will increase your taxable income. But you won't have to "repay" the prior year loss deductions. Think of it like any other business - losses in one year offset income in profitable years. Just make sure you're tracking your basis properly, as others have mentioned, since you can only deduct losses up to your investment plus any retained earnings allocated to you over the years.

3 I learned about this the hard way last year. My accountant explained that the 0.9235 factor exists because as a self-employed person, you get to deduct half of your self-employment tax from your income. The formula actually works out to be exactly the mathematical equivalent of allowing that deduction. If SE_income is your self-employment income: - SE_tax = SE_income × 0.9235 × 0.153 - This equals: SE_income × 0.141, which is less than just applying 15.3% It's basically the government's way of making sure self-employed people don't pay more than employees + employers would pay combined.

11 When I first started my business, I made the mistake of just applying 15.3% directly to all my earnings and ended up overpaying by quite a bit! The 0.9235 factor is actually a benefit for us self-employed folks. Quick tip: Don't forget that after calculating your SE tax, you also get to deduct HALF of that amount from your income for calculating your income tax. That's another benefit most people miss! It's on Schedule 1 of your 1040.

Don't forget to document EVERYTHING if you're claiming a partial exemption. We sold our house 4 months short of the 2-year mark due to a family health emergency, and the IRS initially questioned our exemption. What saved us was having thorough documentation: doctor's letters explaining the necessity of the move, correspondence showing when we made the decision, and a clear timeline of events. We also kept all receipts for home improvements to increase our cost basis. Also, TurboTax has a specific section for calculating partial exemptions that was actually pretty helpful for us. We ended up paying some capital gains tax but much less than we would have without the partial exemption.

Another option to explore is the "safe harbor" test for unforeseen circumstances. The IRS specifically lists certain situations that automatically qualify, including: - Death of a family member - Divorce or legal separation - Multiple births from the same pregnancy - Becoming eligible for unemployment compensation - Change in employment that leaves you unable to pay housing costs The "multiple births" provision might be relevant if you're having twins! Also, if the cost of living increase has genuinely made your current housing unaffordable (especially with childcare costs), you might qualify under the unemployment/inability to pay provision. I'd strongly recommend getting a consultation with a tax professional who specializes in real estate transactions before making your final decision. The potential tax savings from finding the right exemption could easily pay for professional advice, and they can help you document your case properly if you do qualify for a partial exemption. Given your timeline and the amounts involved, this is definitely worth professional guidance rather than trying to navigate it alone.

Has anyone had experience with audit support from either company? I'm leaning toward FreeTaxUSA but nervous about audit protection...

I made the switch from TurboTax to FreeTaxUSA two years ago and haven't looked back. My situation is pretty standard - W-2 income, mortgage interest, some charitable deductions - and FreeTaxUSA handled everything perfectly. The biggest difference I noticed is that TurboTax holds your hand through every single step with explanations and tips, while FreeTaxUSA assumes you have a basic understanding of tax concepts. If you've been doing your own taxes for a few years, this actually makes FreeTaxUSA faster to use since there's less fluff to click through. The $100+ I save each year by using FreeTaxUSA instead of TurboTax has been totally worth it. Both calculate the same refund amount - I actually ran my numbers through both platforms one year just to double-check. The math is identical, you're just paying extra for the fancier interface and marketing with TurboTax.

Does anyone know if we're supposed to include copies of our I-20 or passport with Form 8843? My DSO gave me conflicting info on this.

As someone who went through this exact same confusion a few years ago, I completely understand your stress! Let me add a few practical tips that might help: First, don't panic about the previous years - the IRS is generally understanding about Form 8843 filing delays when there's no tax owed. I filed mine for 3 previous years all at once and never heard anything back from them. For your current situation, since you mentioned you don't have any US income, you'll only need Form 8843 (not Form 1040NR). Make sure to check the "student" box in Part II and fill out the dates you were present in the US during the tax year. One thing that caught me off guard - if you traveled outside the US during the year (even briefly), you need to list those departure and return dates. Keep your passport handy when filling out the form. Also, since you mentioned visa status concerns - filing Form 8843 actually helps protect your status by formally documenting that you're claiming the student exemption from the substantial presence test. It's better to file late than never! The Austin, TX address mentioned earlier is correct for mailing. I'd definitely recommend certified mail with tracking so you have proof it was sent and received.