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I've seen this happen when students receive retroactive scholarships or when tuition credits get applied after the fact. The key boxes on 1098-T form to understand: Box 1: Payments received for qualified tuition/expenses Box 4: Adjustments made to PRIOR year scholarships Box 5: Total scholarships/grants processed Box 6: Adjustments made to PRIOR year qualified expenses The timing of when things post to the student's account vs calendar year can create weird situations. If your son got any retroactive adjustments or late scholarships that applied to previous terms, they might show up this way. Double check if he received any: - Year-end scholarships - Special graduation grants - Adjustments to previous semesters - Balance corrections from prior years
He did get a special completion grant in his final semester that wasn't expected. But it was only about $5k, nowhere near these massive amounts showing up. And nothing that would explain an extra $80k in box 5 when his actual grants were only about $22k total for the year. I'm definitely going to contact the university tomorrow. Just needed to make sure I wasn't missing something obvious about how these forms work before I start that process.
The completion grant could be part of it, but you're right that it doesn't explain the magnitude of these discrepancies. One other possibility is if there was some loan forgiveness or conversion of loans to grants. Some schools have programs where initial loans get converted to grants upon graduation or completion of certain requirements. These conversions get reported in a really confusing way on the 1098-T. Either way, it's definitely worth getting clarification from the university. Ask them for a full accounting of how they arrived at each box amount.
Make sure to file Form 8863 for the American Opportunity Credit if this is your son's 4th year of college! Many people miss this. Even with scholarships, you might qualify for up to $2,500 credit if you paid any qualified expenses out of pocket. Also, check if his scholarships were restricted (specifically designated for tuition) or unrestricted. Only unrestricted scholarships that exceed qualified educational expenses are taxable.
But wouldn't the American Opportunity Credit be unavailable if the student already claimed it for 4 years? I thought that was the maximum lifetime limit?
One thing to watch out for with the AOTC - make sure your cousin is actually eligible based on income! The credit starts phasing out at $80,000 modified AGI for single filers ($160,000 for married filing jointly) and goes away completely at $90,000 ($180,000 for MFJ). Also, don't forget that 40% of the AOTC can be refundable (up to $1,000), which is great for students who don't have much tax liability. That's a huge advantage over the Lifetime Learning Credit.
Thanks for bringing that up! My cousin only made about $15,200 from his part-time job last year, so I don't think the income limits will be an issue. The refundable portion is great news though - that extra $1,000 would help him a lot with next semester's expenses! Question though - does he need to be claimed as my dependent to get the AOTC, or can he file independently and claim it himself?
No, he doesn't need to be your dependent to claim the AOTC himself. If he's not a dependent on anyone's return, he can claim his own AOTC on his tax return based on qualified education expenses that he paid. However, if someone else (like his parents) claims him as a dependent, then they would be the ones eligible to claim the AOTC based on education expenses they paid. The student can't claim education credits for expenses that were paid by others or covered by tax-free scholarships. In your case, if he's filing his own return and paid his own education expenses (or took out loans in his name), he should claim the credit himself. If his parents paid some expenses, they might be able to claim a portion of the credit if they claim him as a dependent.
I work in my university's financial aid office, and I see students miss out on the AOTC all the time! Make sure you keep receipts for ALL required materials for courses - not just textbooks. Lab supplies, special software, art materials, etc. can all qualify if they're required for courses. Also, if adjusting which expenses were covered by scholarships helps maximize the credit, you can do that! The IRS doesn't dictate which expenses scholarships must apply to first.
Wait really?? So if my scholarship was $5000 and I had $4000 in tuition and $3000 in room/board, I could choose to apply the scholarship to room/board first to maximize my qualified expenses for AOTC?
Exactly! That's one of the most underutilized strategies for maximizing education credits. You can allocate tax-free scholarships to non-qualified expenses like room and board first, which leaves more of your actual payments available as qualified education expenses for the AOTC. In your example, you could treat the $5,000 scholarship as covering the $3,000 room/board plus $2,000 of tuition, leaving you with $2,000 in qualified tuition expenses that you paid out of pocket. Just remember that any scholarship money allocated to room/board becomes taxable income to the student - but the tax benefit from the increased AOTC usually outweighs the tax cost on that scholarship income. Make sure to document your allocation choice clearly in case of questions later!
This might be too late now, but next time you should have the homeowner pay the subcontractors directly. That way they'd be responsible for the 1099s, not you. I learned this the hard way a few years ago.
Just to add some clarity on the timing issue - if you're past the January 31st deadline for 2024 tax year 1099s, you should still file them as soon as possible. The IRS penalties for late filing start at $60 per form if filed within 30 days after the deadline, and increase from there. But not filing at all can result in much higher penalties. Also, make sure you're reporting your $13.5K income properly on your own return. Since you were acting as an independent contractor for the homeowner, you'll likely need to file Schedule C and pay self-employment taxes on that income. The 1099s you issue to your subcontractors should help offset some of that income as business expenses. If you're overwhelmed by all this, consider consulting a tax professional who deals with contractor situations regularly. The cost is usually worth it to make sure everything's done correctly and you're not missing any deductions.
Have you tried checking your refund status through the H&R Block mobile app instead of calling? I found their app actually shows more detailed information about Spruce deposits than their website does. According to the H&R Block subreddit and their community forums (https://community.hrblock.com/), there's a specific section under "Refund Status" that shows if they've received the funds from IRS and when they expect to release them to your Spruce account. This saved me a lot of stress when I was in your situation last month!
Filed 2/6 with H&R Block/Spruce here too! šāāļø Still waiting as well, so you're definitely not alone. What's really annoying is that my neighbor filed with TurboTax the same day and got her refund last week to her regular checking account. I've been checking my transcript obsessively and finally saw an 846 code yesterday with a deposit date of 3/25, but nothing in Spruce yet. Based on what everyone else is saying, looks like we're in for another week of waiting even after the IRS sends it out. At this point I'm just telling myself it's forced savings! š But seriously, next year I'm going back to direct deposit to my regular bank. This Spruce delay is ridiculous for something that's supposed to be "faster" according to H&R Block's marketing.
Leo Simmons
Something else to consider - are either you or your ex itemizing deductions? Remember that mortgage interest and property taxes only help if you're itemizing rather than taking the standard deduction. With the standard deduction being $13,850 for single filers in 2025, you'd need your total itemized deductions (including these housing expenses plus charitable contributions, etc.) to exceed that amount for itemizing to make sense. If one of you itemizes and the other takes the standard deduction, it might be more tax-efficient for the itemizing person to claim a larger share of these expenses if that's something you can work out between yourselves.
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Lindsey Fry
ā¢Good point! My accountant actually suggested something similar when I was in this situation. If only one person benefits from itemizing, it might make sense to adjust the "economic reality" of who pays what going forward. Of course, this needs to be actually implemented, not just claimed on paper.
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Victoria Jones
This is such a helpful thread! I'm dealing with a similar situation where my sister and I co-own a rental property but only her name is on the mortgage. We've been splitting all expenses 50/50 but I was worried I couldn't deduct my portion since the 1098 goes to her. From what everyone's saying here, it sounds like as long as I can document my payments (which I can - we have a separate account just for property expenses that we both contribute to), I should be able to claim my half of the mortgage interest. Has anyone dealt with this specifically for rental property, or is it the same principle as primary residence mortgages? Also really appreciate the tip about keeping a written agreement - definitely going to draft something up with my sister to document our arrangement. Better to be over-prepared than scrambling if questions come up later!
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