That's an interesting approach I hadn't considered. Would this FDE structure eliminate the need for the funds to flow through my wife's account? Also, would my father-in-law's involvement be easier to structure with this approach?

Yes, with an FDE structure, the funds could flow directly from your US partnership to the Peruvian entity's account without going through your wife's personal account. This creates a cleaner audit trail and likely reduces your FBAR complexity. For your father-in-law's involvement, you have options. He could be a local director or manager of the Peruvian entity (compensated through fees) while not being a US tax partner. Alternatively, he could be a true partner in the US partnership with the foreign withholding requirements that entails. The FDE structure gives you flexibility either way. The biggest advantage is that for US tax purposes, it's as if your partnership owns the property directly, while for Peruvian legal and banking purposes, you have a local entity that can operate more easily.

I thought FIRPTA only applied to foreign persons selling US real property interests, not US persons selling foreign property? OP is a US citizen selling Peruvian property, so I don't think FIRPTA withholding would apply here.

This sounds like a great option! Do they have income limits for who qualifies? And do they help with state returns as well as federal?

They prioritize seniors but don't have strict income limits. Generally, they serve people with "low to moderate" income, which in practice can be up to $75,000 for individuals or $100,000 for families, but this varies by location based on the cost of living in your area. They absolutely help with state returns as well as federal. The service is completely free regardless of how complex your return is. Just be aware that during peak season (late March through April 15) the wait times can get long, so going earlier in the season is better if possible.

When I was searching for a reviewer, I asked specifically, "What's your process for reviewing a self-prepared return?" The good ones will explain a systematic approach and mention specific areas they focus on. Also ask, "How often do you find missed opportunities on DIY returns?" - the honest ones will have specific examples ready.

That's really helpful advice, thanks! I like the idea of asking about their process upfront - that would definitely help identify who's just going to skim it versus who takes the review seriously. I'll definitely try those questions if I decide to get a review again this year. I still feel a bit burned by the experience, but maybe I just chose the wrong professional. I've seen a few recommendations in this thread that seem promising too.

The key to avoiding the hobby loss rule is showing that you're running your D&D sessions as a business with the intent to make a profit. Keep good records, have separate business accounts, track all expenses properly, create a business plan, and be professional about how you operate. The IRS generally uses a "3 out of 5" guideline - if you show a profit in 3 out of 5 consecutive years, they typically consider it a legitimate business. Since OP mentioned they were "hit hard with taxes," it sounds like they're profitable, which helps their case significantly.

That makes sense, thanks! I've been profitable 2 of the last 3 years, so I think I'm on the right track. I do have separate tracking for all my game master income and expenses, but I should probably open a dedicated bank account to make it even clearer.

Thanks for the perspective! Did you find that you were able to itemize deductions right away in your first partial year of homeownership? Or did it take a full year of mortgage interest before it made sense?

In my first partial year, I wasn't able to itemize because I only had about 4 months of mortgage interest which wasn't enough to exceed the standard deduction. I just took the standard deduction that first year. It wasn't until my first full calendar year of homeownership that itemizing made sense. But it's still worth running the numbers both ways in TurboTax (itemized vs standard) to see which gives you the better outcome. The software makes this comparison pretty easy.

What states still have good homebuyer tax breaks? I'm in Pennsylvania and when I asked my lender they said there weren't any tax breaks, just loan programs for first-time buyers.

California still has some good ones! My friend just bought her first home and got a $10,000 credit through some state program. Definitely worth checking.

Thank you, I hadn't even thought about all those other tax benefits that would be affected. We do have some student loan interest and education credits that would be impacted. Looks like filing jointly and taking the premium tax credit hit is even more clearly the right move than I initially thought.

Happy to help! Yeah, the MFS status really limits a lot of tax benefits, which is why it's rarely the optimal choice unless there are very specific circumstances. The premium tax credit "marriage penalty" is frustrating, but thankfully it's just a one-time adjustment you're dealing with. Next year you'll be able to plan your insurance coverage for the full year as a married couple and avoid this issue completely.

This is really smart. I did this exact thing last year. Was going to owe $2,400 in premium tax credits after getting married, but maxed out my HSA ($3,850) and put another $2,000 in my traditional IRA. Dropped our MAGI just enough to reduce the repayment to only $800. Definitely worth looking into!

I hadn't thought about this angle! We do have some room to make additional retirement contributions. I'll need to check exactly how close we are to the next MAGI threshold for the premium tax credits. Even if it just reduces the amount a bit, that's still a win since we'd be putting money into our retirement rather than just paying it to the IRS. Thanks for the suggestion!