I did have a pretty expensive health insurance plan that was coming out pre-tax, plus I was maxing out my 401k that year. Could those really account for almost $95k difference between box 1/5 and box 3 though? That seems like a massive gap!

Health insurance premiums and 401(k) contributions typically reduce your Social Security wages, but $95k is an unusually large difference. Even if you maxed out your 401(k) at the 2018 limit ($18,500 plus any catch-up contributions if you were over 50), and had expensive health insurance (let's say $15,000-20,000 for a premium family plan), that would still only account for maybe $40,000 of the difference. If there's still a $55,000 gap unaccounted for, it's likely there was a reporting error. Another possibility is if you had some deferred compensation or special bonus arrangement that was treated differently for Social Security purposes. Either way, I would definitely contact your former employer for clarification.

Check if you contribute to a 457(b) plan. Those reduce your Social Security wages but not your Medicare wages. My wife works for the state and has this exact situation - big difference between box 3 and boxes 1/5 because of her 457(b) contributions and healthcare FSA.

14 Wait, we don't have a legal right to benefits even though we're forced to pay into the system? That seems completely unfair! How is that constitutional?

5 The court essentially ruled that Social Security is a social program, not a contract, and Congress retains the right to alter, amend, or repeal any provision of the Social Security Act. The case specifically involved a person who was denied benefits after being deported for being a member of the Communist party. While it might seem unfair, the constitutional basis is that Congress has broad powers to tax and spend for the general welfare. The FICA tax is considered a valid exercise of this power, and benefits are authorized spending programs that can be modified. This is different from private contracts or property rights that have stronger constitutional protections.

17 This is why I'm always confused when younger people say they're planning as if Social Security won't exist. Even if it faces funding challenges, some version of it will almost certainly continue. The political consequences of eliminating it would be too severe.

Wouldn't mailing take forever to process though? I heard the IRS has massive backlogs with paper returns and it could take 6+ months. Would FAFSA accept just a mailing receipt as proof of filing?

Current processing time for paper returns is about 6-8 weeks, not 6 months. That used to be the case during COVID, but they've caught up significantly. Most financial aid offices understand the IRS processing timelines and will accept proof of mailing (certified mail receipt) as temporary documentation while the return processes. You can follow up by ordering a tax transcript once it's processed, which is what they ultimately want to see. Just contact your financial aid office first to confirm this approach works for them - different schools have different policies.

Thanks for bringing this up! I actually looked into this. Even though they weren't required to file based on the income threshold, they had federal taxes withheld from their paychecks. So we're filing to get that refunded - it's about $300 which would help with college expenses. Also, their college financial aid office specifically requested a 2022 tax return or transcript rather than the non-filing statement. Apparently, they've had issues with the non-filing verification process this year.

That makes perfect sense. Getting that $300 back is definitely worth filing for, and if the school specifically wants the return rather than a non-filing statement, you're on the right track. Just as an FYI for future reference, for very low incomes like this, your child might be able to claim "exempt" on their W-4 to avoid having federal tax withheld in the first place. That way they get all their money upfront instead of waiting for a refund. Something to consider for their current job if applicable!

How exactly do you track this stuff? Like if I sold some Tesla at a loss in December but then bought some again in January, do I have to manually figure out the wash sale or will my brokerage statement show it? This whole capital loss thing is making my head spin.

Most brokerages will track wash sales for you on your 1099-B forms and year-end tax statements. They'll have a column that shows "Wash Sale Loss Disallowed" or something similar. However, they only track wash sales within the same brokerage account - they won't know if you sold in one account and bought in another, or if your spouse bought the same security in their account. If you're doing your taxes with software like TurboTax or H&R Block, they'll usually flag potential wash sales when you enter your trading information. But it's always good to review your brokerage statements carefully and look for those wash sale notations, especially if you're an active trader or if you're trading the same securities across multiple accounts.

Great point! I just want to add that this is why tax software can sometimes get this wrong. It gets complicated fast when you have multiple types of gains and losses from different years. My tax guy showed me how one year I had long-term losses but short-term gains the next year, and the software didn't optimize how they offset each other. Had to manually override it which saved me almost $900.

Did you claim any credits like EIC or child tax credit? I heard those automatically delay processing. I'm on day 25 of waiting and getting nervous...

No special credits at all, which is why I was surprised by the delay. Just a totally vanilla return with W-2 income and the standard deduction. From what I've gathered reading online, even the simplest returns seem to be taking longer this year. The IRS apparently prioritizes certain returns with credits for lower-income filers, which is understandable, but it means even simple returns can sit in the queue longer than usual.

Try calling the IRS directly at 1-800-829-1040. I was stuck in "still processing" for almost a month, called them, and found out there was a simple identity verification issue they never bothered to notify me about. After verifying my identity, I got my refund in 9 days.