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Don't forget that different types of inherited IRAs have different RMD rules! If you inherited a Roth IRA, the rules are different than for a traditional IRA. With a Roth, if the original owner died after 2019 and you're not an eligible designated beneficiary (spouse, minor child, disabled, etc.), you still have the 10-year rule, but there are no annual RMDs during those 10 years. Also, if you miss an RMD, the penalty used to be 50% of the amount you didn't take, but it's been reduced to 25% (and can be further reduced to 10% if you correct the mistake promptly).
This is so helpful! My uncle's IRA is traditional, not Roth, so sounds like I do need those annual RMDs. Is there any way to convert it to a Roth now to avoid the annual RMDs and just deal with the 10-year rule?
You can convert an inherited traditional IRA to an inherited Roth IRA, but be careful - you'll pay income tax on the entire converted amount in the year you do the conversion. This could potentially push you into a much higher tax bracket. If you decide to convert, you'd still be subject to the 10-year rule, but you'd eliminate the annual RMD requirements. Many people find it's most tax-efficient to do partial conversions over several years rather than converting the entire amount at once. I'd strongly recommend working with a tax professional to determine if and how much you should convert each year based on your overall tax situation.
Has anyone used TurboTax to handle reporting inherited IRA distributions? I'm trying to figure out if their software can handle this complicated situation with continuing RMDs plus the 10-year rule.
I used TurboTax last year for this exact situation. It handles inherited IRA distributions fine, but you need to make sure you indicate it's from an inherited IRA when you enter the 1099-R information. There should be a specific question about whether this is an inherited IRA. The tricky part is that TurboTax doesn't calculate what your RMD should be - you need to know that number from your financial institution. As long as you distribute at least the RMD amount each year, TurboTax will report it correctly on your tax return.
Don't forget that you'll need to fill out Form 5329! This is where you report the early distribution and claim the exception. On line 1, you put the total early distributions. On line 2, you enter the amount that qualifies for exception. The difference on line 3 is what's subject to the penalty. Exception code "08" is the one you want for health insurance premiums while unemployed. There's a whole list of exception codes in the instructions.
Thank you! Would I need to submit any documents proving my insurance payments along with Form 5329? Or just keep those records in case of audit?
You don't need to submit proof of your insurance payments with your tax return or Form 5329. Just enter the appropriate exception code and the amount that qualifies for the exception. However, you should absolutely keep all documentation of your health insurance premium payments, proof of unemployment, and the timing of everything in your records. The IRS can request documentation if they have questions about your return, and you want to have everything organized and ready in case of an audit. I recommend keeping these records for at least 3 years after filing your return.
I went through this exact scenario in 2022! Just make sure your timeline works - you need to have received unemployment for 12 consecutive weeks. I almost messed this up because I had a 2-week contract job in the middle that disqualified me. Also, save ALL your marketplace insurance receipts! I was audited and had to show proof of every payment. Such a pain but at least I had the documentation.
One other thing to consider - if your spouse was covered under the same marketplace plan, can you count the entire premium payment or just your portion? When I did this, my tax guy said I could only count my individual portion.
One thing I noticed that causes major differences in self-employment tax calculators is whether they're considering the QBI (Qualified Business Income) deduction. It's 20% of your qualified business income and a lot of basic calculators don't include it. Another huge factor is how they handle business expenses. Some calculators ask for your revenue and expenses separately, while others just ask for your profit. Make sure you're tracking ALL legitimate business expenses: - Software subscriptions - Equipment - Home office (if you have dedicated space) - Professional development - Health insurance premiums - Retirement contributions Each of these can significantly reduce your taxable income.
Can you explain the home office deduction more? I work from my bedroom at my desk - does that count? Or does it need to be a separate room?
For the home office deduction to be legitimate, the space must be used "regularly and exclusively" for business. A desk in your bedroom typically wouldn't qualify because the bedroom is also used for personal purposes (sleeping, dressing, etc.). The IRS wants the space to be a separate area used only for work. It doesn't have to be a whole room - it could be a section of a room if it's clearly delineated and used exclusively for business. But if you ever use that desk for non-business activities (gaming, paying personal bills, etc.), it wouldn't qualify. This is why dedicated home offices or converted spare rooms work best for this deduction.
Has anyone used the IRS's own self-employment tax worksheet rather than third-party calculators? I found it helpful to go straight to the source - the SE tax is calculated on Schedule SE.
The IRS worksheets are accurate but super confusing. I tried using Schedule SE directly and felt like I needed an accounting degree to understand it. Ended up making an error that cost me an extra $430 in taxes last year.
Another option to consider is asking your employer about "accountable plans" - some companies will reimburse you for your home office expenses and it's tax-free to you but deductible for them. Worth asking your HR department if they've set one up since so many people are WFH now!
Thanks for this suggestion! I just emailed HR to ask if we have an accountable plan or any reimbursement program for home office equipment. I had no idea this was even an option. If they say no, should I try to convince them to start one? Is it complicated for employers to set up?
Definitely worth suggesting if they don't have one already! It's not particularly complicated for employers to set up - they just need to establish a formal policy for what expenses qualify and require reasonable documentation from employees (receipts, etc.). Many companies don't realize this is a win-win. You get your expenses covered tax-free, and they get a business expense deduction while providing a valuable benefit that helps with retention. With so many companies now permanently remote, more HR departments are implementing these programs. Just frame it as a competitive advantage for them in the current job market.
Has anyone tried just taking the deduction anyway? My brother says he's been deducting his home office for years as a W-2 employee and has never been audited. Seems like the IRS wouldn't catch it.
Statiia Aarssizan
One thing to consider - there are multiple education benefits (American Opportunity Credit, Lifetime Learning Credit, and the tuition and fees deduction), and you can only claim one of them. The AOTC is usually the most valuable (up to $2,500 and 40% refundable) but has more restrictions. Make sure you look at all your options to see which gives you the biggest tax benefit. And don't forget that your state might have additional education credits too!
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Adaline Wong
ā¢Would it make more sense for my grandmother to claim it instead since she's the one who actually paid? Or is that not even an option since the form is in my name?
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Statiia Aarssizan
ā¢Since the 1095-T is in your name, your grandmother cannot claim the education credits, even though she paid. The IRS ties these benefits to whose name is on the form and their dependent status. The only way your grandmother could claim education benefits would be if you were her dependent, which you've said you're not. This is actually beneficial for you, since as a student with likely lower income, you'll probably get more value from the credit than she would.
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Reginald Blackwell
Make sure you're looking at a 1098-T, not a 1095-T! 1095-T is for health insurance coverage, but 1098-T is for tuition payments. Easy to mix up the numbers but they're completely different forms for tax purposes!
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Adaline Wong
ā¢Omg you're right! I just double-checked and it's a 1098-T form. I feel so stupid mixing those up. Does this change any of the advice people have given?
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