Looking at the IRS Operations Dashboard (https://www.irs.gov/newsroom/irs-operations), they're currently processing a higher volume of manual reviews than normal for this time of year. The 570/971 combination specifically indicates a refund hold pending review completion rather than an audit. If you check your transcript again in 7-10 days, you might see a Transaction Code 776 (which means they've sent a letter requesting information) or a 420 (which indicates examination/audit). The specific code will tell you much more about your situation than the general 120-day timeline.

I'm dealing with a similar situation right now - got the 570/971 codes last week and the waiting is really stressful when you have financial obligations. One thing that helped me was calling the Taxpayer Advocate Service at 877-777-4778. They can sometimes expedite reviews if you can demonstrate financial hardship, especially for medical expenses. Since you're caring for an elderly parent, that might qualify as hardship. Also, make sure to check your online account daily rather than weekly - I've seen people miss important updates because they weren't checking frequently enough. The IRS sometimes releases refunds earlier than their quoted timeframes if you stay on top of any requests for additional documentation.

Quick question - I thought Ireland ended the Double Irish in 2015? Why are we still talking about it in 2025?

Great question! As someone who's studied international tax policy, I think it's important to understand that while the Double Irish is now defunct, it perfectly illustrates how multinational corporations exploit gaps between different countries' tax systems. The key insight is that tax avoidance strategies like this rely on what's called "treaty shopping" - using networks of subsidiaries in different jurisdictions to minimize overall tax burden. Companies would essentially create a paper trail where profits would flow through multiple entities, each designed to take advantage of specific tax benefits or loopholes. What's fascinating (and concerning) is that even though Ireland closed the Double Irish loophole, similar principles are still being used today through other structures. The OECD has been working on global minimum tax rates partly because of strategies like this, but it's an ongoing cat-and-mouse game between tax authorities and corporate tax planners. For your business class project, I'd recommend also looking into the "Dutch Sandwich" which was often used in combination with the Double Irish, and more recent developments like the OECD's Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) initiative that's trying to address these issues globally.

Has anyone actually gotten in trouble for missing Form 8615 in the past? I think I was supposed to file it last year (I was a dependent with dividend income) but didn't know about it. Now I'm worried...

Just wanted to add some perspective as someone who works in tax preparation - you're absolutely right to be concerned about getting this right, but the good news is that based on your situation, you definitely don't need Form 8615. The key factors are: 1) You're filing as independent (nobody can claim you as a dependent), and 2) Your taxable scholarship income isn't considered "unearned income" for Form 8615 purposes anyway. That form is specifically targeting investment income like dividends, interest, and capital gains that parents might try to shift to their kids' returns. Your situation with $23k in taxable scholarships for room/board is actually pretty straightforward - just report it as income on your 1040. The fact that your previous preparer missed this entirely is concerning and suggests you made the right call handling it yourself this year. One tip: when you're reporting that scholarship income, make sure you're not double-counting it anywhere else on your return. And definitely keep good records of what portions of your scholarships went toward qualified vs non-qualified expenses in case the IRS ever asks. The IRS is generally reasonable with honest mistakes, especially from students navigating this stuff for the first time. If you made an error somewhere, they'll typically just send you a notice with the correction rather than assuming fraud. You're clearly trying to do things right, which goes a long way.

Does anyone know if the Build America, Buy America Act influences whether research is considered domestic? We manufacture in the US but use some imported components in our R&D prototypes.

I'm dealing with a similar Section 174 situation but have an additional wrinkle - we're a software company that does both internal R&D for our own products and contract R&D work for clients. Does anyone know if the Section 174 amortization rules apply differently to contract R&D work versus internal R&D? Our accountant thinks the contract work might be treated as regular business expenses rather than Section 174 R&D expenses since we're being paid by clients for that work. But I'm not sure if that's correct, especially since the actual research activities are the same whether we're doing them for ourselves or for clients. Has anyone encountered this distinction between internal versus contract R&D work under Section 174?

Those codes are actually pretty promising! 150 means your return was accepted and processed, 806 shows your withholding credits, and 768 is your earned income credit - all good signs. The fact that you don't see any 570 or 971 freeze codes means you're likely in the clear for processing. That 846 code (refund issued) should pop up soon, and once it does, you'll typically see your deposit within 1-3 business days. I've been through this dance before and the waiting is brutal, but you're definitely on the right track! Keep checking your transcript weekly for updates 🤞

Based on your codes, you're actually in a pretty good spot! 150 confirms your return was processed and tax liability calculated, 806 shows your federal withholding credits, and 768 is your earned income credit posting to your account. The key thing is I don't see any mention of freeze codes (570/971) or examination codes which would definitely slow things down. That 846 code you're waiting for is the golden ticket - once that appears with a date, your refund will typically hit your account within 1-5 business days depending on your bank. The IRS has been pretty backed up this year so even clean returns like yours can take a few weeks to fully process. I'd say keep checking your transcript every Friday morning when they usually update, and you should see that 846 pop up soon! The detective work definitely gets easier once you know what to look for 🕵️‍♀️