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Isn't there some special case where if you have a lot of business expenses as a self-employed person, you can actually have negative income? And then that loss can offset other income? My brother-in-law talks about this but I never understood it.
Yes, that's called a net operating loss (NOL). If your business expenses exceed your business income, you have a net loss that can offset other income sources in the same tax year. If the loss is bigger than all your income combined, you may be able to carry it backward or forward to other tax years. This is completely different from the original question though. The OP is asking about deductions offsetting tax directly, which isn't how it works. Business losses offsetting income is a separate concept.
I see there's been some great discussion about the difference between deductions and credits! Just want to add one more important point that might help clarify things for anyone still confused. When you say you "normally owe around $13k in taxes" on $40k income, that seems quite high. For 2024, someone with $40k in income would typically owe much less than that in federal income tax after the standard deduction. Are you perhaps including estimated tax payments you need to make as a self-employed person, or are you thinking about total tax liability before withholding? This distinction matters because if you're talking about quarterly estimated payments, those include both income tax AND self-employment tax (Social Security/Medicare). Deductions can reduce the income tax portion, but they don't eliminate self-employment tax on earnings from self-employment. If you're a regular W-2 employee, your actual federal income tax on $40k (after standard deduction) would be much lower than $13k, so maximizing deductions could indeed get you close to zero federal income tax owed - though as others mentioned, you'd still have payroll taxes that were already withheld from your paychecks.
This happened to me - the IRS found a "math error" on my return. They never sent a notice, but when I finally got through on the phone they told me what happened. They had adjusted my refund down by $42 and the system was just waiting for the correction to process. If I hadn't called, I would've waited another month probably. ALWAYS CALL if it's been more than 21 days.
I used claimyr.com and it was a lifesaver. They basically navigate the phone system for you and get you in line for a callback. I had tried calling directly for weeks with no luck but got through in one day with their service.
Maya, I totally feel your frustration! I'm in a similar boat - filed on March 8th and still waiting on my federal refund too. The "still processing" message is maddening when you're counting on that money. From reading all these comments, it sounds like the home office deduction you mentioned is likely what's causing the delay. That combined with the 570/971 codes on your transcript suggests they're reviewing something but haven't found any major issues. I'd definitely recommend calling if you haven't already - seems like a lot of people here got answers and faster resolution once they spoke to someone. The waiting game is the worst part but hang in there!
If I'm reading this correctly, it seems like this deferral only applies to the employee portion of Social Security tax (6.2%), not the Medicare portion (1.45%), right? And employers still have to pay their matching portion? Has anyone used TurboTax or other tax software to model how this might affect their 2025 return?
Yes, you're right - it's just the Social Security portion (6.2%) for employees. Employers still pay their matching portion, and Medicare taxes continue as normal for everyone. I tried modeling it in TaxAct, but since it's just a deferral and not forgiveness, it didn't show any actual tax savings - just a timing difference of when the tax is paid.
I'm really concerned about the timing of all this. The deferral period runs February through May 2025, but we're already in April - that's only about 2 months of actual deferral for most people. Is it really worth the administrative hassle and potential confusion for such a short period? Also, I notice the memo mentions that the Treasury Secretary is supposed to issue guidance to employers, but I haven't seen any official guidance yet. Without clear instructions, I can see why many employers might just choose not to implement this at all. Has anyone's employer actually started the deferral process, or are most companies still waiting for more details? The whole thing feels rushed, especially since we're already partway through the tax year. I'm wondering if this is more about political messaging than actual tax relief, given how short the deferral period is and how close we are to tax filing season.
Does anyone know if there's a way to see how close you are to the $600 threshold on PayPal? I've been selling some stuff from around the house and I'm not sure if I'm tracking it correctly.
You can download your PayPal transaction history as a report. Go to your PayPal activity page, click on "Statements" and then select "Activity export." Choose the date range you want to check and make sure to select "Commercial payments received" or a similar option (might vary depending on your account type). This will give you a CSV file you can open in Excel or Google Sheets. Just add up all the payments marked as "Payment Received" that are for goods and services. Remember personal payments (Friends & Family) don't count toward the threshold.
This is really helpful information everyone! I'm in a similar situation with my small online business. One thing I'd add is that it's worth keeping detailed records of all your transactions throughout the year, not just when tax season comes around. I use a simple spreadsheet to track each PayPal payment as it comes in, noting whether it's for goods/services or personal, the amount, and what it was for. This makes it so much easier to calculate your totals and prepare for taxes, whether you hit the $600 threshold or not. Also, don't forget that if you do cross the threshold and receive a 1099-K, you can still deduct legitimate business expenses against that income - things like materials, shipping costs, PayPal fees, etc. So even if you get the form, your actual taxable income might be much lower than the gross amount reported.
Great questions! For textbook sales, if you're just selling your own used textbooks occasionally, that's typically considered personal property sales, not business income - similar to having a garage sale. However, if you're regularly buying and reselling textbooks for profit, that could be considered business activity. For the group gift situation, if someone is genuinely reimbursing you for their share of something you purchased on their behalf, that should be considered personal even if it accidentally went through goods & services. The key is the intent - was it payment for something you're selling/providing, or just someone paying you back? When in doubt, I always lean toward being more conservative and reporting questionable items as income rather than risk issues later. You can also add notes in your spreadsheet about the nature of each transaction so you have documentation of your reasoning if questions ever come up. The IRS cares more about good faith efforts to comply than perfect categorization of every edge case.
Great questions! For textbook sales, if you're just selling your own used textbooks occasionally, that's typically considered personal property sales, not business income. However, if you're regularly buying and reselling textbooks for profit, it could be considered business activity. For the group gift reimbursement situation - that should definitely be categorized as personal since it's just someone paying you back money you spent on their behalf. If it accidentally went through goods & services instead of friends & family, you might want to contact PayPal to see if they can reclassify it, especially if you're close to the $600 threshold. The general rule I follow is: if I'm selling something I personally owned and used, it's usually personal property sales. If I'm buying things specifically to resell them, or providing services, that's business income. When in doubt, I err on the side of reporting it as income - better safe than sorry with the IRS! You might also want to check out some of the tools others mentioned in this thread like taxr.ai to help categorize everything properly.
Lukas Fitzgerald
Don't forget to check if your state has special tax credits for college students! My state has a special deduction for tuition and fees even if you claim the federal education credits. I missed this my first two years and ended up filing amendments to get back almost $700. Also, if you're independent and your income is low enough, look into the Earned Income Tax Credit. Being a student doesn't disqualify you, and it can be pretty substantial depending on your earned income.
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Kendrick Webb
ā¢I had no idea about state-specific education credits! Is there an easy way to find out what my state offers? I'm in Illinois if that helps.
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Lukas Fitzgerald
ā¢Illinois has the Illinois Education Expense Credit which allows parents or legal guardians to take a credit of up to $750 for qualified education expenses for K-12 students attending Illinois schools. Unfortunately, it doesn't extend to college expenses, but it's worth keeping in mind if you have younger siblings. For college students specifically in Illinois, look into the Illinois Property Tax Credit if you're paying rent. Since landlords pay property tax and pass that cost to renters, you might qualify for some relief there as a renter. Also check out the Illinois Earned Income Credit which is 18% of the federal EITC if you qualify for that.
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Ev Luca
Honestly the biggest mistake I made as a student was not separating my 1099 gig work expenses properly. For your DoorDash income, create a simple spreadsheet NOW before you file and track: - Total miles driven (this is huge) - Hot bags or delivery equipment - % of phone bill used for the app - Any insulated delivery bags - Car maintenance proportional to business use - Parking fees while doing deliveries I screwed this up my first year and probably overpaid by $800+ in self-employment taxes. If u have over $400 in profit from DoorDash, you'll owe SE tax (15.3%) on top of regular income tax.
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Kendrick Webb
ā¢This is super helpful, thank you! I actually didn't track my mileage during the year - is it too late to claim that deduction or is there some way to reconstruct a reasonable estimate?
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Mei Chen
ā¢You can still reconstruct your mileage! The IRS allows reasonable estimates if you don't have exact records. Here's what you can do: 1. Look back at your DoorDash earnings statements to see how many deliveries you made each month 2. Estimate average miles per delivery in your area (usually 3-6 miles round trip) 3. Use Google Maps to calculate distances between common pickup/dropoff locations you remember 4. Check your phone's location history if you have it enabled - it can show your driving patterns For future reference, apps like MileIQ or even just the odometer method work great. But for this year, a reasonable reconstruction based on delivery counts and average distances should hold up. Just document your methodology in case of questions. The key is being reasonable and consistent with your estimates. Don't lowball it either - delivery driving typically involves more miles than people think when you factor in driving to hotspots, returning home, etc.
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