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My S-corp started mid-2023 - what exactly do I need to file for taxes?

I just realized that my S-corp taxes are due in a few days and I'm starting to panic. What exactly do I need to file? The company only got income from a single client plus some travel reimbursements since we started in the middle of last year. One thing confusing me is that I didn't receive a 1099 from this client - so how does the IRS actually confirm I received what I'm reporting? Do they just take my word for it? I'm also completely lost on what deductions I can take. Can I deduct my home office? What about meals during business travel? I joined this business club that I sometimes use for networking - can that be deducted too? And the biggest question: how do I calculate what I actually owe? Is there anything specific I should avoid to prevent getting audited? My friend started telling me about some red flags but then got distracted and never finished explaining. Any guidelines I should follow?

Don't forget about state filings too! Your S-Corp likely needs to file a state return in addition to the federal 1120-S. Many states have different deadlines and requirements, and some have minimum franchise taxes even if you didn't make any profit. I learned this the hard way my first year and got hit with penalties.

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Grace Lee

Author

Oh man, I completely forgot about state filings! I'm in California - do you know if they have different forms or deadlines than the federal?

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California is actually one of the toughest states for S-corps. You need to file Form 100S, and they have an $800 minimum franchise tax that you have to pay even if your business lost money. The deadline typically matches the federal (March 15), but the penalties for late filing can be significant. You should also check if you need to file a Statement of Information with the Secretary of State (Form SI-200) - that's separate from tax filings but required for corporations, usually due annually.

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One major thing nobody's mentioned yet - make sure you've been tracking and paying quarterly estimated taxes throughout the year. As an S-corp owner, the company's profits pass through to your personal return, but without withholding like a regular job. If this is your first year and you haven't been making estimated payments, you might get hit with underpayment penalties.

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Is there any safe harbor provision for this? Like if it's your first year in business?

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How to Calculate the Reduced IRA Deduction Formula for 2023 and 2024?

I've been pulling my hair out trying to find the correct formula for calculating reduced traditional IRA deduction amounts for tax years 2023 and 2024. I can only find formulas for 2022, and I'm confused about how the calculations should work with the increased contribution limits. For 2022, the max contribution was $6,000 (under age 50), the MAGI phase-out range for married filing jointly was $109,000-$129,000, and the calculation made sense - it was a linear phase-out over the $20,000 range. But for 2023, the max contribution increased to $6,500 with phase-out range of $116,000-$136,000, and for 2024 it's now $7,000 with phase-out range of $123,000-$143,000. Yet the calculation formula from 2022 doesn't seem to scale properly. The IRS states on their website for 2023: "more than $116,000 but less than $136,000 ----- a partial deduction" but doesn't provide the actual formula for the partial deduction. The only instructions I can find are in Publication 590-A which works for 2022's $6,000 limit. Here's my issue: If you're exactly at the lower threshold, you can deduct the full amount. If you're just $0.01 over the threshold and use the 2022 formula (multiply difference between upper limit and your MAGI by 0.3), you get: - For 2022: $5,999.997 deduction (almost the full $6,000) - For 2023: $5,999.997 deduction (meaning you lose $500 for just $0.01 of income!) - For 2024: $5,999.997 deduction (meaning you lose $1,000+ for just $0.01 of income!) This seems wrong - the penalty for being just over the threshold is way too harsh for 2023/2024 compared to 2022. I found a TIAA calculator online that gives more reasonable results, but they don't cite their formula. This matters for my tax planning since I need to decide how to split contributions between traditional and Roth IRAs. Has the IRS updated the formula for 2023/2024? Am I missing something? I'm assuming my spouse and I file jointly and I'm covered by a 401k at work.

I think there's a simple explanation for all this. The IRS probably assumes everyone knows the formula is: 1. Subtract your MAGI from the phase-out ceiling 2. Divide by the phase-out range ($20,000) 3. Multiply by the maximum contribution For 2023: ($136,000 - your MAGI) รท $20,000 ร— $6,500 = your deduction For 2024: ($143,000 - your MAGI) รท $20,000 ร— $7,000 = your deduction That's why being $0.01 over the threshold with the old formula feels so harsh - because the old formula was simplifying this calculation for the specific $6,000 limit.

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Thank you! This makes perfect sense and matches what I was expecting the formula would be! I've been driving myself crazy with spreadsheets trying to figure this out. So basically, the formula is proportional to where you fall in the phase-out range, and the multiplier changes based on the contribution limit. That would explain why the TIAA calculator was giving different results than my calculations using the 0.3 factor from 2022.

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Exactly! The IRS documentation just hasn't caught up with the contribution limit increases. The key insight is that the phase-out is designed to be linear across the MAGI range, so you need to adjust the multiplier whenever the contribution limit changes. It's frustrating that they don't explain this clearly, but at least now you can plan appropriately for your 2023 and 2024 contributions. And remember this formula will likely change again whenever they next increase the contribution limits!

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Has anyone noticed that the Retirement Savings Contributions Credit (Saver's Credit) also has updated income thresholds for 2023 and 2024? This can be relevant if you're in the phase-out range for IRA deductions, as you might still qualify for this credit depending on your income level. For 2023, the income limit for married filing jointly is $73,000, and for 2024 it's $76,500. Just something to consider as part of your overall retirement savings strategy if your MAGI is in that range.

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Good point! Do you know if the Saver's Credit can be claimed for Roth IRA contributions? If I end up putting some money in Roth because I'm in the traditional IRA phase-out range, can I at least get the Saver's Credit for those contributions?

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Getting taxed for selling my primary residence in Texas after divorce?!

I'm in a total mess right now with my taxes and need some serious advice. Here's what happened - I purchased a house with my now ex-husband back in 2021 for about $350,000 in Texas. Then in 2022, after only owning it for 10 months, we ended up going through a divorce and had to sell the place because neither of us could afford to keep it on our own after trying to refinance. The house sold for around $385,000, but after all the seller fees (about $31,000), we basically just broke even. I didn't think much about it until now doing my taxes. I tried using TurboTax to file myself, and it's saying I owe nearly $54,000 in taxes! I'm completely shocked and honestly don't know how I'm supposed to come up with that kind of money. During those 10 months, I had a newborn baby, went through a divorce, and had to sell my first home - all within like a 3-month period. I'm desperate for help understanding this. How can I possibly owe taxes when we barely broke even on the house? Is this because we didn't live there for 2 years? Is there anything I can do?

Make sure to check if you're eligible for what's called a "partial exclusion" due to unforeseen circumstances. IRS Publication 523 specifically mentions divorce as a qualifying event. The calculation would be: (months you owned and lived in home รท 24) ร— $250,000 So if you lived there 10 months: (10 รท 24) ร— $250,000 = $104,166 exclusion With your gain being so small after seller costs, this partial exclusion would likely cover all of it, meaning zero tax owed. TurboTax probably isn't capturing this special circumstance correctly.

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This is really helpful! Is this something I need to manually override in TurboTax? Or is there a specific section where I should be entering this information?

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In TurboTax, you need to look for the section about "home sale" or "sale of home" and there should be questions about how long you owned and used the home. When it asks why you sold before meeting the 2-year requirement, select "divorce" or "unforeseen circumstances." If you can't find this option, you might need to use the "form view" rather than the interview format. Look for Form 2119 in TurboTax. If you're still having trouble, the "Help" search function in TurboTax and searching for "partial exclusion" should guide you to the right section.

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One thing nobody's mentioned - make sure you're only reporting YOUR share of the sale on your taxes! If you owned it 50/50 with your ex, you should only be reporting half the purchase price, half the selling price, and half the expenses. This alone could be causing the calculation to be way off.

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This! When I got divorced last year, my accountant made this exact point. Each person files their own portion. Your gain would be even smaller if split properly.

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Thank you for pointing this out! I think this might be part of the problem because I was trying to figure out how to split everything in TurboTax and wasn't sure if I was doing it right. So I should be reporting only half of everything - half the purchase price, half the selling price, and half of all the associated costs?

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Is credit card cash back considered taxable income for my gold coin business?

I have this side hustle/hobby selling gold coins. My profit strategy is pretty specific - I use a credit card with 4% cash back to purchase gold coins, then I resell them locally for around the same price I paid (sometimes slightly more, sometimes slightly less). The cash back is where I'm actually making my profit, usually about 3-6% on each transaction. Here's what I'm confused about tax-wise: If most of my actual profit is coming from the credit card rewards, do I need to report that as taxable income? For example, I might buy 3 gold coins at $3300 each on my credit card, then sell them for $3250 each. On paper, it looks like I lost $150 total, but with my 4% cash back ($396), I actually made about $246 profit on the deal. How do I report this on my taxes? As income? As a loss? Some combination? I live in California, and I'm specifically dealing with a type of gold coin that costs over $2000 per coin, which I believe means I don't have to collect sales tax. Any advice would be appreciated since I'm prepping for next year's filing!

Another thing to consider is that your activity might be classified as a business rather than a hobby depending on how regularly you're doing this and how much profit you're making. The IRS has a "hobby loss rule" where if you don't show profit in 3 out of 5 years, they might classify it as a hobby and limit your deductions. In your case, since you're actually profiting after the cash back, you should probably treat it as a business. The upside is you can deduct legitimate expenses like maybe a home office portion, shipping costs, secure storage, etc. The downside is you'll need to pay self-employment tax on your profits.

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That's a good point about the business vs. hobby classification. I'm definitely making a consistent profit when you factor in the cash back, and I've been doing this for about 2 years now. Do you think I need to register as an actual business in California, or is just filing Schedule C enough?

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Filing Schedule C is enough for federal tax purposes, but California may have additional requirements. If you're operating as a sole proprietor (just yourself), you typically don't need a formal business registration with the state unless your local county/city requires business licenses for your type of activity. However, if your annual gross receipts are over $100,000, you might need to register for a seller's permit with the California Department of Tax and Fee Administration, even for gold coins. I'd recommend checking with your county clerk's office about any local business license requirements as they vary by locality. Better to be compliant from the start than face penalties later. Given the nature of dealing with valuable items like gold coins, being properly registered might also give your customers more confidence.

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Just my 2 cents, but you should also look into whether your credit card company might issue a 1099-MISC if your cash back rewards exceed a certain threshold (usually $600). Some banks treat large rewards as miscellaneous income rather than rebates, especially for business cards. I had this happen with my Amex business card last year when I got like $800 in rewards from a similar type of reselling operation. The 1099 made it pretty clear I needed to report it as income.

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This is incorrect. Cash back on purchases is considered a discount or rebate, not reportable income, even if it exceeds $600. Banks only issue 1099s for referral bonuses, sign-up bonuses, or interest income - not for cash back on purchases. The IRS views cash back as effectively reducing the purchase price.

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Unsent W-2 from employer who still owes me a month's salary - how to file?

I'm really stressed about my taxes this year and could use some advice. I worked for this small business for about 3 months last year, but they never paid me for my final month of work (about $4,200). When I tried to get my money, they kept giving me the runaround until I finally had to quit. Now they're claiming what they owe me is "bad debt" whatever that means. The bigger issue for filing is they haven't sent me my W-2 form, and I need to file jointly with my husband soon. I've prepared Form 4852 (the substitute W-2), but I honestly have no idea how much they withheld from my paychecks for taxes. I've already filed a claim with the department of industrial relations about the unpaid wages, but who knows when that will be resolved. Will not having the exact withholding amounts delay our refund? I'm worried since we're counting on that money. And I seriously doubt my ex-employer is planning to suddenly become responsible about tax documents when they wouldn't even pay me what I earned. Any advice would be super appreciated!

Don't forget to report that employer to the IRS! They're legally required to provide W-2s by January 31st. You can call the IRS at 800-829-1040 to report them. I did this when my employer "forgot" to send my W-2, and miraculously they "found" it and sent it within a week after the IRS contacted them. Also check your state's department of labor about those unpaid wages. Some states have penalties for employers who withhold pay, and they can sometimes get things moving faster than you can on your own.

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Thank you so much for this suggestion! Would reporting them to the IRS interfere with my ongoing case with the department of industrial relations? I'm definitely going to call them about the W-2 issue.

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Not at all - these are completely separate issues being handled by different agencies. The IRS is concerned with tax compliance (providing W-2s), while the department of industrial relations handles wage theft and payment issues. You should absolutely pursue both avenues simultaneously. In fact, the pressure from multiple agencies often motivates employers to resolve issues faster. The IRS penalties for not providing W-2s can be significant, which might get their attention in a way your individual requests haven't.

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Just to add something important - make sure you keep REALLY good records of all your attempts to get your W-2 and your communications with this employer. Save emails, text messages, write down dates of phone calls, etc. This will help you if the IRS has questions about why you filed with Form 4852. Also, when you estimate your withholding, err on the side of caution and estimate a bit LOWER than you think it might be. It's better to potentially owe a small amount later than to claim too much withholding and raise red flags.

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This is good advice. I actually took screenshots of all communications with my former employer when they wouldn't give me my W-2. The IRS never questioned my Form 4852, but I was prepared just in case.

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