How would I even approach this conversation with my manager? I'm not sure they'd understand what I'm asking for. Are there specific terms or IRS codes I should mention?

I'd suggest approaching it from the angle that it could benefit both you and the company. Something like: "I've been researching our current vehicle arrangement, and I found a potential way to make it more tax-efficient for both of us through a qualified transportation fringe benefit program under IRC Section 132(f)." Mention that this could reduce the company's payroll tax liability while also increasing your take-home pay. HR departments are usually familiar with these programs - they're similar to how commuter benefits work in many companies. If your manager isn't familiar, suggest a conversation with HR or payroll to explore the option. Come prepared with the estimated savings for both sides if possible.

My company did this last year! The key was showing HR the math on how much THEY would save on payroll taxes. For every $100 in pre-tax benefits, they save around $7.65 in employer-side payroll taxes. Our fleet has 38 vehicles so it added up fast. I brought a simple spreadsheet showing the annual savings and suddenly they were interested! The payroll system change was minimal on their end.

How much does a cost segregation study typically run for a smaller commercial property? I've heard they're expensive but worth it for larger properties. Is there a minimum building value where it makes sense?

For smaller commercial properties, cost segregation studies typically run between $5,000-$8,000, depending on the complexity. The general rule of thumb is that the property should be valued at a minimum of $750,000 to make it worthwhile, but that can vary. The ROI calculation depends on your tax bracket and how much can be reclassified to shorter depreciation schedules. In my case, with a $1.2M property, the study cost $6,500 but identified about $280,000 in components that could be depreciated over 5-15 years instead of 39 years. That accelerated depreciation schedule created about $37,000 in tax savings in just the first year, so it paid for itself multiple times over.

The mixed-use aspect complicates things but doesn't prevent a 1031 exchange. You'll need to carefully document the percentage used for each purpose. If the entire property was always used for business (not personal), you should be eligible for a full 1031 exchange regardless of the specific business use.

If I started working from home mid-year, can I only deduct for the months I actually had the home office set up? Or is it an all-or-nothing for the tax year?

You can absolutely prorate the deduction for just the months you had the home office. If you started working from home in July, for example, you'd only take the deduction for 6 months of the year. Just make sure to document when you established the home office. Having dated photos of the setup process or receipts for office furniture can help establish your timeline.

That sounds nightmarish! Did you end up getting to keep the deduction or did they make you pay it back?

I hadn't even thought about that! Did you end up owing money back on those subsidies? Were you still better off filing jointly even with having to repay some benefits?

Yes, we did have to repay about $780 of premium tax credits that my wife had received based on her individual income. However, we still came out about $1,450 ahead overall by filing jointly due to the lower tax brackets, student loan interest deduction, and a higher standard deduction. It's definitely worth doing the math both ways before amending. In most cases, MFJ is better financially, but there are situations where the loss of income-based benefits can offset the tax advantages. I used a tax calculator to compare both scenarios before submitting our amendment.

Unfortunately amendments changing filing status from single to MFJ still need to be paper filed in most cases. I worked as a tax preparer and we had to paper file all of these types of amendments last year. The IRS is slowly expanding what can be e-filed for amendments, but filing status changes especially when adding a whole new person to the return typically require paper filing.

If my parents paid for my tuition through their RESP, shouldn't they get the tax credits since they're the ones who put the money away in the first place? The whole system seems confusing.

The tuition credits always go to the student first, regardless of who paid for it. This is because you're the one receiving the education. It's a separate matter from who funded the education. When your parents contributed to an RESP, they already received some tax advantages from that - the money grew tax-free while in the plan. When the money was withdrawn for your education, you would have received the Educational Assistance Payment (EAP) portion as taxable income on your T4A slip. The tuition credits help offset some of that tax burden, which is why they belong to you. However, if you don't need all the credits this year, you can transfer up to $5,000 to a parent, grandparent, or spouse.

This is really helpful! Do I need to do anything special in TurboTax to access Schedule 11, or does it automatically appear when I enter the T2202A information?