Thanks so much for explaining from the university side! Does this mean universities just routinely report things in a way that doesn't match how taxes are supposed to be filed? Seems like this could cause problems for tons of students.

Yes, unfortunately, it happens quite frequently. University accounting systems are designed primarily for the school's financial tracking, not for optimal tax reporting. Many schools use Banner or similar systems that allocate payments based on an internal priority list rather than student intent. This disconnect is why the IRS allows taxpayers to claim education expenses based on when they actually made payments, not necessarily what's on the 1098-T. The form is considered informational, not definitive. This is also why we always advise students to keep their payment receipts and confirmation emails. If you're ever questioned, having documentation of your actual payment dates will resolve any discrepancies.

Yes, it definitely affects the AOTC! Remember the American Opportunity Credit is based on what you PAID in the calendar year, not what was billed. So only count what you actually paid in 2023, regardless of what the 1098-T says.

The LLC never owned the property - it was rented commercial space. The property taxes I'm referring to are personal property taxes on business equipment and fixtures, not real estate taxes. Does that change anything about how I should handle this?

That actually makes your situation clearer and potentially simpler. Personal property taxes on business equipment and fixtures are definitely business expenses. Since you had a single-member LLC that was disregarded for tax purposes, you can claim these on your Schedule C even with zero income now that the business is closed. Make sure you categorize them correctly on your Schedule C as "Taxes and licenses" rather than lumping them in with other expenses. This provides clearer documentation if your return is ever questioned. The fact that these are specifically business personal property taxes strengthens your position for taking the deduction.

You're thinking of the hobby loss rules, which is different. There's no specific time limit for legitimate business expenses related to winding down a business. As long as these are actual business property taxes tied to business assets, they remain deductible until the obligation ends or the assets are disposed of.

Thanks for the clarification. I was confusing this with the rules about businesses that never make a profit. Glad to know there's no specific cutoff for winding down expenses as long as they're legitimate.

Thanks for the practical advice! Do you typically include any specific language about how you handle bulk purchases? Like if we buy 5 refrigerators at $900 each for different properties, would those be expensed or capitalized under a $1000 policy?

I recommend addressing bulk purchases explicitly in your policy. For refrigerators across different properties, we typically expense them individually since they're installed at separate locations and depreciate independently. If you're buying multiple identical items for the same property (like 10 ceiling fans for one building), our policy typically states that similar items purchased in the same transaction or as part of the same project should be considered collectively against the threshold. So ten $200 ceiling fans ($2,000 total) would be capitalized despite each being under the limit since they're part of a single improvement project.

That's really helpful to know. Did the auditor give any specific guidance about what they consider reasonable for different business sizes? We've got 12 properties worth about $3.5M and currently use a $1500 limit.

Thank you for this advice! I didn't know about the IP PIN option. Is this something I can still set up now for next year's taxes? And would it work even if I don't know who is claiming my child? My biggest worry is that this mysterious person will just do it again next year.

Yes, you can set up an IP PIN now that will be effective for next year's tax filing season. You don't need to know who's claiming your child - the PIN system works by requiring the number for anyone attempting to claim that dependent, regardless of who they are. Go to IRS.gov and search for "Get an IP PIN" or go directly to the Identity Protection PIN page. You'll need to create an account and verify your identity if you don't already have an IRS online account. Request a PIN for both yourself and each of your dependents. The IRS will mail the PINs to your address of record, and you'll need these numbers when you file next year. This system will completely block anyone else from successfully e-filing with your child's SSN.

I went through this exact process last year. It took about 4 months total, but I did get my full refund including the child tax credit and everything. The key was including a copy of my divorce decree showing it was my year to claim my son, plus school records showing he lived with me. Don't give up - it's definitely worth fighting for what you're legally entitled to!

I hadn't thought about the state education department! That's an excellent suggestion. Did you have to request the letter specifically or did they have some kind of standard form they provided?

I had to make a specific request for the enrollment and tuition verification letter. Most state education departments have procedures in place for closed institutions, but you need to ask for exactly what you need. When you contact them, be sure to request both enrollment verification (with specific dates) and an itemized statement of all tuition and qualified expenses paid during the tax year. Be prepared to provide proof of your son's identity and your right to access his records, like a birth certificate or his signed authorization if he's over 18.

This! 100% this! Same thing happened with my brother's trade school. The main website was gone but the separate student portal system (run by a third-party) stayed up for document access. Worth checking if they used common systems like Blackboard, Canvas, or dedicated student financial portals.