Does she provide more than half of her own support? Thats another thing to consider besides just age

Just to add some clarity - the key tests for a qualifying child are: age (under 19 or under 24 if full-time student), relationship (your child), residency (lived with you more than half the year), and support (didn't provide more than half their own support). Sounds like your daughter meets all of these! The December birthday actually works in your favor since she was still 18 on Dec 31st.

As someone who went through a similar situation when I moved to the US for work, I can share what I learned the hard way. The key insight that saved me was understanding that tax residency and citizenship are completely separate concepts in US tax law. When I first arrived on my L-1 visa, I made the mistake of thinking I only needed to report US income. After consulting with a tax attorney who specializes in expat situations, I discovered that once you meet the substantial presence test (which happens quickly when you're here on a work visa), you're taxed as a US resident on worldwide income. Here's what I'd strongly recommend: 1. Get professional tax advice from a CPA who specializes in international tax and crypto - this isn't a DIY situation 2. Use proper crypto tax software to handle your transaction volume (the recommendations above for taxr.ai seem solid) 3. Consider whether restructuring your trading as a US business entity might provide better compliance and potential deductions 4. Look into tax treaties between the US and Canada that might help avoid double taxation The offshore corporation route you're considering is extremely risky. Even if structured "correctly," the compliance burden (FBAR, Form 8938, potentially Form 5471) is massive, and the penalties for getting it wrong are severe. The IRS has gotten very sophisticated at tracking crypto transactions across international boundaries. Your trading volume actually makes compliance easier in some ways - with proper software, bulk processing is more efficient than trying to handle smaller volumes manually. Focus on legitimate tax efficiency strategies rather than avoidance schemes that could jeopardize your visa status and future immigration prospects.

I work in tax compliance for a major accounting firm and handle several high-volume crypto traders in similar situations. The offshore Cayman structure you're considering is essentially a red flag for the IRS - they have specific anti-avoidance rules targeting exactly this type of arrangement. Here's the reality: as a US tax resident (which you likely are under the substantial presence test), you're required to report worldwide income regardless of where the trading occurs or what entity owns the accounts. The IRS has substantially increased enforcement around crypto in recent years, and they're particularly focused on international arrangements. What you should focus on instead: 1. **Proper software is non-negotiable** - With your volume, manual tracking is impossible. The recommendations above for taxr.ai are spot-on for high-frequency trading. 2. **Consider trader tax status** - If you qualify as a "trader in securities" (which crypto may qualify for), you can deduct trading expenses and potentially use mark-to-market accounting, which simplifies year-end reporting. 3. **Professional guidance is essential** - Your situation involves international tax, high-volume trading, and visa status implications. A specialized CPA will save you money long-term. 4. **The compliance burden of offshore structures is massive** - Even if legally structured, you'd need to file Forms 3520, 5471, FBAR, 8938, and potentially others. The penalties for errors often exceed any potential tax savings. The good news is that legitimate tax optimization strategies exist for high-volume traders that don't involve the risks of offshore arrangements. Focus on compliant solutions rather than schemes that could jeopardize both your tax status and visa situation.

Don't forget about state taxes! If you worked in two different states like you mentioned, you'll probably need to file part-year resident returns for both states. This gets complicated fast when you have different income types.

I went through this exact situation last year! A few additional tips that helped me: 1. **Calculate your safe harbor amount** - If your prior year tax liability was under $1,000, you may not owe any estimated tax penalties at all. If it was higher, paying 100% of last year's tax liability (or 110% if your AGI was over $150k) through withholding + estimated payments will generally protect you from penalties. 2. **Consider Form 2210** - Even if you missed some quarterly payments, you might be able to avoid penalties by filing Form 2210 with your return and showing that your income was uneven throughout the year (which it sounds like it was, since you started the fellowship in June). 3. **Double-check your 1042-S reporting** - Fellowship income from a 1042-S typically goes on Schedule 1 as "other income" rather than being treated like regular wages. Make sure whatever tax software you use handles this correctly. 4. **Keep documentation** - Save all your fellowship award letters and any communication from your university about the tax treatment. Sometimes there are special provisions for certain types of research fellowships. The January 15th estimated payment is definitely worth making to avoid additional penalties, but don't stress too much about the earlier quarters - the penalties are usually manageable and there are often ways to reduce them when you file your actual return.

Would this situation be handled differently if you didn't catch the excess contribution until after April 15th of the following year? My employer just notified me that I had excess deferrals in 2020 (because of job change) but it's already past April. Am I stuck with penalties now?

I went through this exact same nightmare with excess 401(k) contributions two years ago! The frustration of having your plan administrator refuse to issue the correct 1099-R code is maddening. Here's what I learned from my CPA and confirmed with an IRS agent: You're absolutely correct that the excess deferral should be reported as income in 2020 (the year you made it), even without the proper 1099-R. The key is that when excess deferrals are returned by April 15th of the following year, they're taxable in the year of deferral, period. What I did was add the excess amount to my wages on Line 1 of my 2020 Form 1040, then attached a brief statement explaining that I was including returned excess 401(k) deferrals per IRS Publication 525. When I received the code P 1099-R in 2021, I reported it but then subtracted it out on Schedule 1 as "other income" with a negative amount and notation that it was previously taxed. The IRS agent I spoke with said this approach was completely correct and happens more often than you'd think because plan administrators don't always issue the right codes. Just keep detailed records of everything - the original excess, when you requested the return, confirmation of the distribution, etc. Don't stress about "creating" your own 1099-R - that's not necessary. Just report the income properly and document your reasoning.

This is really encouraging to read! I just filed my taxes for the first time ever (just turned 18) and have been anxiously checking my bank account every day waiting for my refund. I bank with a big national bank and my DDD is still a few days away, but seeing how Valley Strong and other credit unions handle deposits makes me think I should consider switching. The idea that some banks just hold your money unnecessarily when they could release it early seems so frustrating! Thanks for sharing your experience - it's helping me understand how this whole process actually works behind the scenes.

This is really helpful information! I'm actually considering switching from my current big bank to Valley Strong after reading about everyone's positive experiences here. My DDD isn't until next week and I'm still waiting, but it sounds like credit unions are definitely the way to go for faster processing. Quick question for those with Valley Strong - do you need to meet any specific requirements to open an account there, or can anyone join? I'm tired of my current bank holding deposits until the absolute last minute when they clearly receive the money earlier. The early release policy alone seems worth making the switch!