For international students on F-1 visas, tax filing requirements can be complex but manageable with the right approach. You'll definitely need to file taxes on that photography income - even $300-400/month puts you well over the $400 threshold for self-employment income reporting. A few key points to address your concerns: **Privacy Protection**: The IRS will only send correspondence to the address you provide on your tax return. Always use your current US address, and consider setting up an IRS online account for electronic notifications. No tax documents will automatically go to your home country. **Required Forms**: As a nonresident alien (which you likely are in your first 5 years), you'll file Form 1040-NR with Schedule C for your self-employment income. You'll need either an SSN or ITIN. **Deductions**: Keep detailed records of business expenses - camera equipment, editing software, travel costs for photo shoots, etc. These can significantly reduce your taxable income. **Critical Warning**: Before proceeding, definitely check with your university's international student office about visa compliance. F-1 students have strict limitations on off-campus work, and online sales might require CPT or OPT authorization to be legal under immigration law. The tax part is straightforward once you understand the requirements, but visa compliance should be your first priority. Getting this wrong could jeopardize your student status regardless of proper tax filing.

Great question about expense tracking and the IRS online account! For business expenses, yes - you can deduct reasonable business-related portions of your phone bill if you use it to communicate with photography clients, costs for maintaining portfolio websites, online marketplace fees, cloud storage for your photos, and even a portion of your internet bill if you use it primarily for your photography business. The key is keeping detailed records and ensuring the expenses are "ordinary and necessary" for your photography business. However, be conservative with mixed-use expenses like your phone or internet - the IRS expects you to only deduct the business portion. Keep a log of business vs. personal usage to support your deductions. Regarding the IRS online account - yes, nonresident aliens can absolutely create accounts on irs.gov! You'll need either your SSN or ITIN, and it's actually one of the best ways to manage your tax communications electronically. This helps with your privacy concerns since you can receive most notices online instead of through mail. You're absolutely making the right call prioritizing visa compliance first. Many international students get this backwards and end up with immigration issues that are much more serious than tax problems. Your international student office should be able to guide you on whether your photography work needs CPT authorization or if there are other compliant pathways. Once you get the immigration side sorted out, the tax filing process is much more straightforward, especially with all the digital tools available now for tracking expenses and preparing returns.

Don't forget about state tax implications! My accountant reminded me that some states have different rules about deducting these seller financing expenses than the federal government does. In my state, I was able to deduct the loan origination fees against my state income even though they weren't deductible on my federal return due to the suspension of miscellaneous itemized deductions. Check your state's specific rules or talk to a local tax professional.

Great question about the tax software! Most mainstream tax programs like TurboTax, TaxAct, and H&R Block do handle basic state conformity differences automatically, but they often miss the nuanced situations like seller financing expenses. For example, my state (California) doesn't conform to the federal suspension of miscellaneous itemized deductions, so I was able to deduct my loan setup costs on my state return even though they weren't deductible federally. However, my tax software initially missed this and I had to manually override it. I'd recommend checking your state's department of revenue website or publication on itemized deductions. Look specifically for any mentions of "federal conformity" or "miscellaneous itemized deductions." If your state doesn't conform to the federal suspension (like California, New York, and several others), you may be able to deduct those amortized loan origination costs on your state return. Also keep in mind that some states treat interest income differently than the federal government, which could affect how you report the offsetting servicing fee deductions.

This is really helpful information! I'm dealing with a similar situation but with a December 31st fiscal year end for my S-Corp. Just to make sure I understand the pattern correctly - since my fiscal year ends December 31, 2024, I would file a 2024 tax return by March 15, 2025, covering the period January 1, 2024 through December 31, 2024. The confusing part for me is that this means my S-Corp return and my personal return would both be for the same tax year (2024), but my K-1 income from the S-Corp gets reported on my personal return. Is there any timing issue I should be aware of when both returns are due around the same time in 2025? Also, @Mateo Sanchez, your point about needing a valid business purpose for non-calendar fiscal years is concerning. How do you determine if your fiscal year qualifies as a "natural business year"? My business is seasonal and most of our revenue does come in the last few months of the calendar year, so I'm wondering if that helps justify the December 31st end date.

Great question! I was in the exact same boat when I first set up my S-Corp with a fiscal year end. The rule is straightforward once you understand it: you file based on the calendar year in which your fiscal year ENDS, not when it begins. So for your fiscal year ending September 30, 2024, you'll file a 2024 tax return (Form 1120-S) due March 15, 2025. This return covers your business activity from October 1, 2023 through September 30, 2024. One thing that helped me keep this straight: think of it as "which year am I closing the books in?" Since you're closing your books in 2024 (September 30, 2024), that's your 2024 tax year. Also, don't forget that even though your S-Corp files for 2024, you'll report your K-1 income on your personal 2024 return too (due April 15, 2025). The timing works out since your S-Corp return is due first and should generate your K-1 in time for your personal filing. If you need more time, you can always file Form 7004 for an automatic 6-month extension on the S-Corp return. Good luck with your second year - it gets easier once you get the rhythm down!

Don't forget quarterly estimated tax payments if you go 1099! That was my biggest shock when I switched to contracting. You have to basically be your own payroll department and send estimated payments 4x per year or face penalties. It's not just about which option nets more money but also the administrative overhead.

Another consideration that might tip the scales: as a 1099 contractor, you'll have much more flexibility with retirement contributions. You can potentially contribute up to $69,000 annually to a Solo 401(k) (for 2024), which is way more than the typical $23,000 employee limit plus that 3% employer match you'd get as a W2. If you're disciplined about maxing out retirement savings, the tax deferral benefits of a Solo 401(k) could be massive. You could potentially reduce your taxable income significantly more than you'd lose by giving up the employer match. Plus, you get to control your investment options completely instead of being limited to whatever plan the employer offers. The key is actually doing it though - it requires more self-discipline than having automatic payroll deductions, but the potential upside is substantial if you're already a good saver.

If you're a solo owner, don't forget about health insurance! Your S-Corp can reimburse you for health insurance premiums, which creates a business deduction for the S-Corp and isn't subject to FICA taxes. Just make sure it's set up correctly - the S-Corp should reimburse you after you pay personally, and it needs to be documented properly with a formal plan.

One thing I haven't seen mentioned yet is business meals and entertainment - if you've been meeting with clients or potential customers throughout the year, make sure you're capturing those expenses. For 2024, business meals are still 50% deductible if they're directly related to your business. Also, don't overlook professional services you might have used - legal fees, consulting, marketing services, etc. Even subscriptions to industry publications or software you use for business can add up. With your $145k revenue, you might also want to look into whether you can shift some income to next year if you have any outstanding invoices you haven't sent yet, or consider prepaying some 2025 business expenses before you file. Just make sure everything is legitimate and properly documented! Time is tight but these smaller deductions can really add up when you're dealing with a six-figure S-Corp income.