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Malik Thomas

Washington ESD employer - when do you pay federal unemployment tax quarterly?

I'm a small business owner in Washington state and I'm getting confused about when I need to pay federal unemployment tax (FUTA). I know I have to pay quarterly but I keep getting different dates online. My payroll company says one thing but the IRS website seems to say something else. I have 6 employees and I've been paying Washington ESD state unemployment taxes but I want to make sure I'm not missing any federal deadlines. Can someone clarify the exact quarterly due dates for FUTA payments?

Federal unemployment tax (FUTA) is actually due quarterly on the last day of the month following each quarter. So that's April 30, July 31, October 31, and January 31. But if you owe less than $500 for the quarter you can carry it forward to the next quarter until you hit that threshold.

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That makes sense! So if I only owe $300 in Q1, I don't have to pay until I reach $500 total?

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Exactly. You can accumulate it until you hit that $500 threshold, then you pay by the next quarterly deadline.

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wait i thought it was different dates than that? i've been paying mine at the end of each quarter not the month after

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No, it's definitely the month after each quarter ends. March 31 ends Q1, so FUTA is due April 30. June 30 ends Q2, so it's due July 31, and so on.

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oh crap i think i've been doing it wrong then. should i call someone?

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Just dealt with this exact issue last month when trying to get clarification from the IRS about my quarterly payments. Spent 3 hours on hold before giving up. Finally used Claimyr to get through to someone who could actually explain the payment schedule properly. Check out their service at claimyr.com - they have a demo video at https://youtu.be/7DieNd3C7zQ that shows how it works.

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How does that help with IRS questions? I thought that was just for unemployment claims.

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They help you get through to various government agencies when you can't reach them normally. Saved me hours of calling and redialing.

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Don't forget that the FUTA rate is 6.0% but you get a credit of up to 5.4% if you pay your state unemployment taxes on time. So your effective federal rate is usually just 0.6% on the first $7,000 of each employee's wages.

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So with 6 employees making over $7,000 each, I'd pay 0.6% on $42,000 total? That's only $252 for the whole year?

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That's right, assuming you stay current on your Washington ESD payments. If you fall behind on state taxes, you could lose that credit.

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I've been doing payroll for 15 years and the quarterly due dates are definitely April 30, July 31, October 31, and January 31. But here's what trips people up - if any of those dates fall on a weekend or holiday, the deadline moves to the next business day.

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Good to know about the weekend rule. Do you file Form 940 annually too or is that separate?

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Form 940 is your annual return that's due January 31st (February 10th if you paid all quarterly deposits on time). The quarterly payments are just deposits against what you'll owe on the annual return.

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this is why i hate being self employed, too many different tax deadlines to keep track of

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I feel you. Between Washington ESD, federal unemployment, payroll taxes, and everything else it's overwhelming.

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exactly! and god forbid you miss one deadline, then you're stuck with penalties and interest

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One more thing to remember - you only pay FUTA if you paid wages of $1,500 or more in any calendar quarter, or if you had one or more employees for some part of a day in any 20 or more different weeks during the year. So very small businesses might not even owe it.

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With 6 employees I definitely meet those thresholds. Better safe than sorry.

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wait so if i only have 1 part time employee who works 15 hours a week, i might not owe FUTA?

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If you pay that employee less than $1,500 in any quarter and they don't work 20 different weeks, then no FUTA. But check with a tax professional to be sure.

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Pro tip: set up automatic quarterly reminders in your calendar. I put mine for 2 weeks before each deadline so I have time to calculate and pay without rushing.

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That's smart. I should probably do the same for all my tax deadlines.

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Yeah, I learned the hard way after missing a deadline and getting hit with penalties. Now I'm paranoid about staying on top of everything.

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Does anyone know if there are different rules for seasonal businesses? I only have employees during summer months.

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The same rules apply but you'll only owe FUTA for the quarters when you actually have employees. So if you only operate June-August, you'd likely only owe for Q2 and Q3.

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Makes sense. So I'd pay in July and October for those quarters.

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Just make sure you're keeping good records of all your payments. The IRS loves to send notices claiming you didn't pay when you actually did.

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Good point. I should probably keep electronic copies of everything too.

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Definitely. I scan everything and keep it in the cloud. Has saved me multiple times when dealing with government agencies.

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i tried calling the irs about this same question last week and was on hold for literally 4 hours before giving up. this thread has been more helpful than their customer service

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That's exactly why I started using Claimyr. They can get you through to government agencies without the endless hold times. Really worth it when you need answers fast.

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hmm might have to check that out. tired of wasting entire days on hold

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Important note: if you're behind on your Washington ESD state unemployment taxes, you could lose the 5.4% federal credit and end up paying the full 6.0% FUTA rate. Stay current on everything!

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How far behind do you have to be before you lose the credit?

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I believe it's if you're delinquent as of the due date for your Form 940, but don't quote me on that. Check with Washington ESD or a tax professional for specifics.

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Another thing to consider - if you're using a payroll service, they usually handle the quarterly deposits for you. Just make sure they're actually doing it and not just calculating what you owe.

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Yeah, I need to double-check with my payroll company. They handle Washington ESD but I'm not sure about the federal side.

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Most full-service payroll companies handle both, but always verify. It's your business on the line if they mess up.

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This might be a dumb question but do you pay FUTA on all wages or just the first $7,000 per employee like the post mentioned?

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Just the first $7,000 per employee per year. So once an employee makes more than $7,000, you stop paying FUTA on their additional wages for that calendar year.

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Got it, thanks! That makes it a lot more manageable than I thought.

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For what it's worth, I use EFTPS (Electronic Federal Tax Payment System) to make all my quarterly payments online. Much easier than mailing checks and you get confirmation immediately.

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Is that free to use?

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Yes, completely free. You just need to register with the IRS first and they'll send you a PIN by mail. Takes about a week to get set up.

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Don't forget that if you're a new employer, you might be eligible for the new employer FUTA credit for your first year. Check Form 940 instructions for details.

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I've been in business for 3 years so probably too late for that, but good to know for future reference.

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Yeah, it's only for the first calendar year you pay wages. But every little bit helps when you're starting out.

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The IRS website has a pretty good publication about FUTA - Publication 15 (Circular E). It explains all the rules and deadlines in detail if you want to bookmark it for reference.

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Thanks for the tip! I'll definitely check that out.

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No problem. It's dry reading but has all the official info you need.

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word of warning - if you miss a quarterly payment, don't just skip it and wait for the next quarter. pay asap to minimize penalties and interest

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How much are the penalties typically?

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depends how late you are but can be pretty steep. better to just stay on top of the quarterly schedule

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I've been dealing with similar confusion about federal vs state unemployment tax deadlines. Washington ESD has their own schedule which is different from FUTA. When I couldn't get through to anyone for clarification, I ended up using a service called Claimyr (claimyr.com) that helped me reach the right people. They have a demo showing how it works at https://youtu.be/7DieNd3C7zQ. Really helped cut through the phone tag.

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Did they help you with both state and federal questions or just one?

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They helped me get connected to the right departments for both. Saved me tons of time compared to calling directly.

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Thanks everyone for the clarification! Sounds like I need to mark April 30, July 31, October 31, and January 31 on my calendar and make sure I'm staying current with Washington ESD so I keep that federal credit.

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That's exactly right. And remember the $500 minimum threshold - you can carry forward smaller amounts until you hit that.

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Perfect. This thread was way more helpful than trying to decipher the IRS website!

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