Washington ESD employer asking about federal unemployment tax FUTA requirements - what applies?
I'm a small business owner in Washington state and I'm trying to figure out which federal unemployment tax FUTA requirements apply to my business. I've been getting conflicting information from different sources and Washington ESD's website doesn't clearly explain the federal side of things. Can anyone tell me which statements about FUTA are actually true? I need to make sure I'm complying with both state and federal requirements for my employees' unemployment coverage.
59 comments


Molly Hansen
FUTA is separate from your Washington ESD state unemployment taxes. You pay FUTA to the IRS, not to Washington ESD. The current FUTA rate is 6.0% but you can get a credit of up to 5.4% if your state (Washington) is in good standing with the federal unemployment system.
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Connor Rupert
•So I'm paying both Washington ESD state taxes AND federal FUTA taxes? That seems like double taxation.
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Molly Hansen
•Yes, they're separate systems. FUTA funds the federal portion of unemployment benefits and administrative costs, while Washington ESD taxes fund the actual benefit payments to claimants.
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Brady Clean
futa only applies if you paid wages of $1500 or more in any quarter or had one or more employees for at least part of a day in 20 different weeks during the year
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Connor Rupert
•OK so there are thresholds. What if I only have seasonal employees?
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Brady Clean
•seasonal employees count toward the 20 week rule if they worked any part of those weeks
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Skylar Neal
I went through this same confusion last year when I started my business. The Washington ESD people couldn't help much with federal questions, but I found that calling the IRS directly was surprisingly helpful. They walked me through exactly what applied to my situation.
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Connor Rupert
•Did you have trouble getting through to the IRS? I heard their phone lines are terrible.
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Skylar Neal
•It took a few tries but I eventually got someone knowledgeable. Way better than trying to figure it out from the publications alone.
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Vincent Bimbach
There's actually a service called Claimyr that helps with getting through to government agencies when you can't reach them by phone. I used it to reach Washington ESD about an employee's claim issue, but they might work for IRS calls too. Check out claimyr.com - they have a demo video at https://youtu.be/7DieNd3C7zQ that shows how it works.
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Connor Rupert
•Interesting, I hadn't heard of that. Is it expensive?
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Vincent Bimbach
•They focus on the value of actually getting through rather than pricing. For business compliance issues, the cost of not getting proper answers is usually way higher than any service fee.
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Kelsey Chin
•I've heard good things about Claimyr from other business owners who needed to reach Washington ESD quickly about employee issues.
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Norah Quay
FUTA wage base is $7000 per employee per year. So you only pay FUTA on the first $7000 of wages for each employee, not their total wages if they make more than that.
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Connor Rupert
•That's actually helpful - so if I have someone making $50k, I only pay FUTA on $7000 of that?
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Norah Quay
•Exactly. It caps at $7000 per employee annually. Makes it more manageable for businesses with higher-paid employees.
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Leo McDonald
Don't forget that household employers have different rules for FUTA. If you're just hiring a nanny or housekeeper, the thresholds are different than regular business employees.
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Connor Rupert
•I'm running a regular business, not household employment, but good to know.
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Leo McDonald
•Yeah, just wanted to mention it since the rules can be confusing and some people don't realize there are different categories.
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Jessica Nolan
Make sure you're not confusing FUTA with SUTA (State Unemployment Tax Act). Washington has its own state unemployment tax system through Washington ESD that's separate from the federal FUTA requirements.
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Connor Rupert
•Right, so I need to register with both Washington ESD for state taxes and handle FUTA for federal?
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Jessica Nolan
•Yes, they're completely separate registration and payment systems. Washington ESD handles the state side, IRS handles FUTA.
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Angelina Farar
The credit reduction stuff can get complicated too. If Washington state ever defaulted on federal unemployment loans, employers here would lose some of the FUTA credit and pay higher rates.
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Connor Rupert
•Is Washington at risk of that happening?
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Angelina Farar
•Not currently, but it happened to some states after the 2008 recession. Washington generally manages its unemployment fund pretty well.
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Molly Hansen
•Washington's unemployment fund is actually in good shape compared to many states, so the full FUTA credit should apply.
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Sebastián Stevens
FUTA applies to most types of employment but there are some exceptions like certain agricultural workers, family employees, and some student workers. Depends on your specific situation.
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Connor Rupert
•I'm in retail, so I assume standard employment rules apply to my workers?
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Sebastián Stevens
•Yes, retail employees would be covered under standard FUTA rules. The exceptions are pretty specific.
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Bethany Groves
Ugh, this is why I hate being self-employed. So many different tax obligations to keep track of between federal, state, local, worker's comp, unemployment taxes...
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Connor Rupert
•Tell me about it. I thought hiring employees would be straightforward.
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Bethany Groves
•It gets easier once you have systems in place, but the initial learning curve is steep.
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KingKongZilla
Pro tip: if you use payroll software like QuickBooks or ADP, they usually handle both the Washington ESD state unemployment taxes and FUTA calculations automatically. Might be worth the cost if you're feeling overwhelmed.
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Connor Rupert
•I've been doing it manually but maybe it's time to invest in proper software.
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KingKongZilla
•For the peace of mind alone, it's usually worth it. Plus it handles all the quarterly filings and deposits automatically.
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Rebecca Johnston
FUTA deposits are due quarterly, but if you owe more than $500 in a quarter, you need to deposit it sooner. The timing rules are different from regular payroll taxes.
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Connor Rupert
•More complicated timing rules... great. How do you keep track of all this?
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Rebecca Johnston
•I set up calendar reminders for all the different due dates. Federal and state requirements rarely align perfectly.
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Nathan Dell
Just went through a FUTA audit last year. Make sure you're keeping good records of which employees worked which weeks, especially if you have seasonal or part-time workers. The 20-week rule requires documentation.
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Connor Rupert
•An audit sounds terrifying. What kind of documentation did they want?
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Nathan Dell
•Payroll records, timesheets, basically anything proving when people worked. Pretty standard stuff but you need to have it organized.
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Maya Jackson
If you're really struggling to get answers from the IRS about FUTA requirements, I've had success using Claimyr to reach them when their phone lines are busy. Same concept as reaching Washington ESD - they help you get through the hold queues.
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Connor Rupert
•Does Claimyr work for IRS calls too, not just Washington ESD?
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Maya Jackson
•I believe they help with various government agencies, not just unemployment offices. Worth checking their website to see what services they offer.
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Vincent Bimbach
•Yeah, they're pretty versatile for government agency contact issues. Really helpful when you need answers fast for compliance stuff.
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Tristan Carpenter
The effective FUTA rate after credits is usually 0.6% (6.0% minus 5.4% credit), but don't assume that's automatic. You have to be current on your Washington ESD state unemployment taxes to get the full credit.
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Connor Rupert
•So staying current with Washington ESD affects my federal FUTA rate?
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Tristan Carpenter
•Yes, the systems are connected that way. If you're behind on state unemployment taxes, you lose part of the federal credit.
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Amaya Watson
Form 940 is what you'll file annually for FUTA. It's due January 31st but you can get an extension if needed. Don't confuse it with Form 941 which is for regular payroll taxes.
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Connor Rupert
•So many different forms... is there a good resource that explains all of them?
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Amaya Watson
•IRS Publication 15 (Circular E) covers most of the employer tax obligations including FUTA. It's pretty comprehensive.
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Molly Hansen
•The IRS website also has a decent employer tax guide that breaks down all the different requirements by topic.
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Grant Vikers
Don't forget that if you acquire a business, you might inherit their FUTA experience rating. Same thing can happen with Washington ESD unemployment tax rates. Due diligence should include checking their tax compliance history.
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Connor Rupert
•Good point, though I'm starting from scratch so that shouldn't apply to me.
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Grant Vikers
•Right, just something to keep in mind if your business grows through acquisitions later.
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Giovanni Martello
Bottom line: FUTA is federal, Washington ESD taxes are state, you need both, and the rules are different for each. Get professional help if you're unsure - the penalties for getting it wrong are not worth the savings on accounting fees.
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Connor Rupert
•That's probably the most practical advice I've gotten. I think I need to find a good payroll accountant.
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Giovanni Martello
•Especially as your business grows, the complexity increases. Better to have expert help from the start than try to fix problems later.
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KingKongZilla
•Agreed. The time you spend trying to figure this out yourself is usually worth more than professional help costs.
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