Thank you all for the helpful responses! I've learned there's no "magic month" to file that increases benefits, but I should apply now for March benefits to give SSA enough processing time. I'm going to check my earnings record first, then submit my application. I appreciate the tip about Claimyr too - might use that if I run into problems reaching someone at SSA. I'll update once I get everything submitted!

Just wanted to add one more consideration that might help with your decision-making process. Since you mentioned being in a tough financial spot, you might want to look into whether your state offers any additional assistance programs that could bridge the gap between when your temporary disability ends and when your Social Security payments begin. Some states have emergency assistance programs or food assistance that can help during transitions like this. Also, if your wife isn't already working, she might want to consider part-time employment to help with the financial pressure while you're waiting for benefits to start. The stress of financial uncertainty can really impact your recovery from surgery, so having multiple backup plans in place might give you both some peace of mind during this transition period.

If you want to be absolutely certain, you can request a formal determination from SSA. Ask specifically about how your OPERS lump sum distribution impacts the earnings test. Get the response in writing. This protects you if there's ever a question later, as SSA is bound by their formal determination even if it was incorrect (assuming you provided accurate information). For what it's worth, I've handled dozens of cases like yours, and pension distributions are NOT counted as earned income for the earnings test.

I went through something very similar with my state pension system (PERS) a few years ago. The key thing to understand is that OPERS distributions are NOT wages - they're pension payments from contributions you and your employer made during your working years. SSA is very clear that only wages and self-employment income count toward the earnings test. Since you're so close to FRA (congratulations on almost making it!), even in the unlikely event there was some confusion, you'd only be looking at a potential issue for about 3 weeks. But honestly, based on everything I've seen and experienced, you have nothing to worry about. One tip: when you do get through to SSA, ask them specifically about "pension distributions vs. wages for earnings test purposes" - using their exact terminology helps ensure you get the right answer. Keep records of your OPERS statement showing it was a pension distribution, not wages. You've got this! Just a few more weeks until that earnings test is behind you forever!

A few additional points that might help your sister: 1. Her benefit amount will be approximately 41.7% of her ex-husband's PIA if she files at exactly age 64. For each month she waits after that (until reaching her FRA), the percentage increases slightly. 2. If she was born in 1961, her Full Retirement Age is 66 and 10 months. Waiting until then would give her the full 50% of his PIA. 3. Very important: If her ex-husband hasn't filed for his own benefits yet, she can't receive ex-spouse benefits until he becomes eligible (age 62), even if she's already past that age herself. 4. The estimate you're giving her of $2,000+ might be too high. Even with maximum earnings, the highest spousal benefit for someone reaching FRA in 2025 is around $1,800-1,900. With six-figure earnings but not at the maximum taxable amount every year, a more realistic estimate might be $1,400-1,700 at FRA, and less if taken early. 5. The phone interview will give her exact numbers based on both their earnings records, which will provide much better clarity than our estimates here.

One thing I haven't seen mentioned yet - your sister should also ask about Medicare eligibility during her phone interview. Since she's 64 and losing her alimony income, she may qualify for Medicare Part B premium assistance programs like QMB (Qualified Medicare Beneficiary) or SLMB (Specified Low-Income Medicare Beneficiary). These programs can help cover Medicare premiums, deductibles, and copayments based on income limits. When her financial situation changes after the alimony ends, she'll want to make sure she's getting all the healthcare cost help available to her. The SSA representative can provide information about these programs or direct her to the right resources.

Based on all the discussion, here's a summary for your sister: 1. Applying in January for January benefits avoids the 2023 earnings test completely 2. The severance package counts as earnings in the year received (2023) 3. If she applies for any 2023 months, she'll likely see most or all benefits withheld due to her high earnings 4. While withheld benefits are eventually factored back in after FRA, it creates unnecessary complications 5. She should consider the early claiming reduction (about 20% at age 64) in her overall planning She should definitely apply 1-3 months before she wants benefits to begin, so if she's targeting January, she should start the application soon.

One thing I haven't seen mentioned yet is that your sister should also consider whether she wants to elect to have federal taxes withheld from her Social Security benefits when she applies. Given her high 2023 income, she's probably used to having taxes withheld from paychecks, and SS benefits don't automatically have withholding unless you request it. She can elect 7%, 10%, 12%, or 22% withholding on Form W-4V when she applies. This might help avoid a big tax surprise next April, especially since up to 85% of her benefits will likely be taxable. Just another timing consideration for her planning!

That's right, there's no benefit increase for delaying past 70. In my case, I'd be getting 3.5 years of delayed retirement credits if I wait from my retirement at 66.5 until 70. It's the sweet spot of getting the maximum possible benefit.

As someone who's been through this exact decision process, I'd suggest creating a spreadsheet to map out the total household income under both scenarios. When I was deciding between claiming at 67 vs waiting until 70, I found it helpful to calculate the cumulative difference over 5, 10, and 15 year periods. In your case, claiming at 66.5 gives you both benefits starting immediately - your full retirement age benefit plus your wife's $500 spousal increase. That's real money in your pocket for 3.5 years while you wait. The breakeven analysis gets complicated when you factor in the time value of money and what you could do with that extra $500+ monthly. Don't forget to also consider Medicare premiums - they're deducted from your SS benefit, and having that steady income stream can help with budgeting those costs. Since you're retiring from teaching, you probably have good health insurance options, but it's still worth factoring in. The peace of mind of having both benefits flowing can be worth something too. My wife and I decided to claim at full retirement age and we've never regretted having that financial security locked in.