Just wanted to add one important point that might help with your planning - even though you can claim ex-spouse benefits at 62, you might want to consider waiting a bit longer if possible. The reduction isn't just a small amount - it's permanent and significant. At 62, you'd get about 32.5-35% of your ex's full benefit amount, but if you wait until your Full Retirement Age (likely 67), you'd get the full 50%. That's a substantial difference that will last for the rest of your life. I know it's tough to wait when you need the income, but even waiting a few extra years could make a big financial difference. You might want to run the numbers to see if you can make it work with other income sources until you're closer to your FRA.

The SSA website has a retirement estimator tool that can give you ballpark figures, but since you don't have enough work credits for your own benefits, it won't be as helpful for your situation. For ex-spouse benefits, you'll need to estimate based on your ex-husband's earnings record, which you obviously don't have access to. Here's what I'd suggest: Contact SSA and ask for a benefit estimate based on your ex-spouse's record. They can provide this information since you're eligible as a divorced spouse. You can also use rough estimates - if you know approximately what your ex earned during his working years, the average Social Security benefit is around $1,900/month in 2024. So at your FRA, you'd get about $950/month (50% of his benefit), but at 62 you'd only get around $630-665/month (the reduced amount). Also consider that if you do find part-time work now, you could potentially earn enough credits to qualify for a small benefit on your own record, which might supplement the ex-spouse benefit. Even earning $7,000/year would get you 4 credits annually. Something to think about as you weigh your options!

Thank you all so much for your helpful advice. I'm going to gather his school records, get statements from family members and his current doctors, and try to get through to SSA to start the application process. I'm feeling much more hopeful knowing that the Disabled Adult Child benefits might be an option, even without childhood medical records. I'll update once we make some progress with the application.

Best of luck with your brother's application! One more tip - when you're gathering those family statements, ask people to be specific about what they observed over the years. Instead of just saying "he always needed help," have them describe specific examples like "I noticed he couldn't manage his money and would get confused counting change" or "he needed reminders to do basic tasks like brushing his teeth even as a teenager." The more concrete details you can provide about his limitations throughout his life, the stronger your case will be. You're doing an amazing job advocating for your brother during such a difficult time.

I've been following this thread, and I wanted to circle back - did you manage to file the appeal yet? Remember that if you request the continuation of benefits during appeal (by checking that box on the SSA-561 form), they should continue her Medicaid during the appeal process. This buys you time to explore the state-specific programs others have mentioned. Don't wait on this - the 10-day window for continued benefits during appeal is crucial.

I'm so glad to hear you got the appeal filed and have the Medicaid appointment scheduled! That's exactly the right approach. When you meet with the Medicaid office tomorrow, also ask about Missouri's "MO HealthNet for the Disabled" program - Missouri does participate in several disability-specific Medicaid programs that aren't tied to SSI eligibility. One more thing to consider while you're exploring options: if your daughter's medications are name-brand, ask her doctors about patient assistance programs directly from the pharmaceutical companies. Many offer free or deeply discounted medications for families in situations like yours. It's not a permanent solution, but it can help bridge the gap while you get the Medicaid sorted out. You're doing an amazing job advocating for her - I know it feels overwhelming, but you're taking all the right steps!

Thank you everyone for your helpful advice! I've learned so much. I'm going to try the Claimyr service to get through to SSA this week and make sure I ask about WEP/GPO since I did have that teaching pension. I'll gather all my documents and request benefit estimates for all three scenarios. I really appreciate all your help - this has been so confusing to figure out on my own!

As someone who went through a similar situation a few years ago, I want to emphasize something that hasn't been mentioned yet - timing is everything! Since you're already 63 and receiving reduced survivor benefits, you need to be very strategic about any switches. One thing to consider: if your ex-husband is still alive and hasn't claimed his benefits yet, his benefit amount could still increase if he delays claiming until age 70. However, your divorced spouse benefit would still be calculated on his Full Retirement Age amount (50%), not his delayed retirement amount. Also, keep detailed records of every conversation you have with SSA representatives. Get names, dates, and case numbers. I had conflicting information from different reps and having documentation helped resolve the confusion later. The GPO/WEP issue mentioned by others is serious - I know teachers who were shocked to discover their benefits were reduced by amounts they never knew about. Make sure you get this in writing from SSA, not just verbal confirmation. Good luck with Claimyr - that service has helped several people I know get through to SSA much faster than calling directly!

One week later: Any update on your situation? Were you able to get through to someone who properly understood the GPO rules for retroactive survivor benefits?

Congratulations on getting your retroactive benefits! This is such a great example of why persistence pays off with SSA. For anyone else dealing with GPO and survivor benefits, I'd recommend documenting everything - dates of pension changes, application dates, and reference numbers from calls. It really helps when you have to explain your situation to multiple representatives. The fact that you got nearly $2,000 in back payments shows how much money people might be leaving on the table if they don't push back on incorrect initial denials.