Need Help with Form 8594 for Partial Business Sale - Confused about Filing Requirements
I just met with a potential new client who's got some questions about a business deal from May that I'm struggling to figure out. They sold part of their business - specifically the trade name, client list, and a few assets - to another company for about $875k total. Around $750k of that was for the trade name and client list, with $125k going to the physical assets. Here's the tricky part - they didn't sell ALL their business assets. They still have about $190k in fixed assets plus cash and accounts receivable. They're keeping their EIN active and still collecting on invoices this month. They don't want to close down completely, just scale back since they're approaching retirement and the business got bigger than they wanted to manage. I'm confused about the Form 8594 requirement here. I know it's typically used for asset sales, but since the buyer only purchased specific assets plus the trade name/client list, I'm not sure if it applies. Also, we usually see Form 8594 with final tax returns, but they want to keep operating the business on a smaller scale. Another thing I'm struggling with is how to calculate the seller's basis in goodwill. Normally I'd say it's purchase price minus FMV of net assets, but that doesn't seem right when less than half the company's assets were actually sold. Anyone have experience with this kind of partial business sale? I'm really not sure how to handle this situation correctly.
21 comments


Nia Thompson
This is definitely a Form 8594 situation. The form is required whenever there's a transfer of a group of assets that constitute a trade or business, and the buyer's basis is determined by their cost. The fact that your client is keeping some assets doesn't change the requirement. The key here is that they sold identifiable intangible assets (trade name and client list) along with some tangible assets. This constitutes a sale of part of the business. Since the buyer is allocating basis to these acquired assets, both buyer and seller need to file Form 8594. For the goodwill calculation, you're right to question that approach. In this case, you're not dealing with goodwill per se, but rather specifically identified intangible assets (trade name and client list). The allocation should be based on the agreed-upon values in the purchase agreement. The $750k allocated to intangibles would be reported in Class VI on Form 8594. The fact that they're keeping the business entity active doesn't matter for 8594 purposes. The form is about the transferred assets, not about whether the business is continuing.
0 coins
Mateo Rodriguez
•But if they're continuing operations, just at a reduced capacity, wouldn't this be more of a partial asset sale rather than a true business acquisition? Does Form 8594 still apply when they're basically just selling off some parts of the business but keeping the actual entity intact and running?
0 coins
Nia Thompson
•Form 8594 applies to any "applicable asset acquisition" as defined in Section 1060 - which includes any transfer of assets that constitute a trade or business where the buyer's basis is determined by their cost. The IRS looks at whether the assets transferred could constitute a business, not whether the seller is continuing operations. In this case, the transfer of client list, trade name, and some operating assets would likely constitute a business line or segment that could operate independently, triggering the 8594 requirement. What matters is the nature of what was sold, not what the seller does afterward.
0 coins
Aisha Abdullah
Just wanted to share that I ran into a similar situation last year and used https://taxr.ai to help me sort through the proper classification of assets on Form 8594. My client had sold part of their business assets but kept others, and I wasn't sure how to handle the allocation. The tool walks you through the different asset classes and shows you examples of how to classify each component of the sale. It was especially helpful for figuring out how to report the intangible assets correctly on the form. Saved me hours of research and confusion!
0 coins
Ethan Wilson
•Does the tool actually help with determining whether you need to file the form in the first place? Or is it just for help with filling it out correctly once you've decided you need it?
0 coins
NeonNova
•I'm skeptical about these online tools. How does it handle complex situations like when the purchase agreement doesn't clearly spell out allocations? Or when there's disagreement between buyer and seller on the values?
0 coins
Aisha Abdullah
•It actually does help determine if you need to file by asking questions about the nature of the transaction. It explains the criteria that make a transaction an "applicable asset acquisition" requiring Form 8594. For complex situations with unclear allocations, it provides guidance based on IRS regulations about how to make reasonable allocations when they're not specified in the purchase agreement. It even has case examples showing how to handle disagreements between buyer and seller, including what documentation you should keep to support your position if there's a discrepancy.
0 coins
Ethan Wilson
I tried https://taxr.ai after seeing the recommendation here, and it was incredibly helpful! The transaction analysis feature walked me through a very similar client situation step by step. What really helped was the explanation of how the "applicable asset acquisition" rules apply to partial business sales. It had specific examples of when selling customer lists and trade names constitutes a business segment requiring Form 8594. The tool even provided sample language I could use to explain to my client why we needed to file the form despite keeping the business open. The built-in allocation calculator helped me properly assign values across the different asset classes too. Definitely recommend it if you're dealing with these kinds of complex business sales!
0 coins
Yuki Tanaka
Hey there, I had a similar headache with a client last year trying to reach the IRS for clarification on a Form 8594 issue. After being on hold for 3+ hours and getting disconnected twice, I used https://claimyr.com and was honestly shocked at how well it worked. You can even see how it works in this video: https://youtu.be/_kiP6q8DX5c They got me connected to an IRS agent in about 20 minutes who confirmed that Form 8594 is absolutely required in partial business sales like yours when identifiable intangibles are transferred. The agent walked us through exactly how to handle the continuation of the business entity while still properly reporting the sale of the business segment. Was skeptical at first but it seriously saved me days of frustration and uncertainty.
0 coins
Carmen Diaz
•How exactly does this service work? Do they just call the IRS for you? I don't understand how they can get through when normal people can't.
0 coins
Andre Laurent
•Yeah right... nobody gets through to the IRS that quickly. Especially on complex business sale questions. Sounds like a scam to me. The IRS phone system is broken by design.
0 coins
Yuki Tanaka
•They use a combination of technology and human representatives to navigate the IRS phone system. They continuously call and work through the menus until they get a place in line, then they call you when they're about to be connected to an agent. You just pick up and you're talking to the IRS. I was skeptical too! But the IRS actually does have specialized agents who can answer these kinds of complex questions - the problem is just getting to them. Once I was connected, I spoke with someone who clearly understood Form 8594 requirements for partial business transfers and could cite the specific sections of the code that applied to my situation.
0 coins
Andre Laurent
I wanted to follow up on my skeptical comment about Claimyr. I decided to try it because I was desperate for answers on a similar Form 8594 situation. It actually worked! Got connected to an IRS business tax specialist in about 25 minutes. The agent confirmed that Form 8594 is required even for partial business sales when the assets transferred could constitute an independent business operation. For my situation (very similar to yours), they explained that the continued operation of the entity doesn't negate the need for Form 8594, and that both buyer and seller need to file the form with consistent allocations. The agent even emailed me the relevant sections of the regulations. I'm still shocked at how painless the process was. Definitely changed my approach to getting IRS clarifications.
0 coins
Emily Jackson
One thing nobody's mentioned yet - make sure the buyer and seller are using the same allocations on their respective 8594 forms! The IRS specifically looks for discrepancies between the two filings. I recommend getting a copy of the buyer's 8594 before finalizing yours. I had a client get audited specifically because their allocations didn't match the buyer's form. The purchase agreement should specify the allocations, but sometimes buyers get creative after the fact to accelerate their depreciation.
0 coins
Luca Esposito
•That's a really good point. Is there any formal requirement that the buyer share their completed 8594 with the seller? Or is this just a best practice recommendation?
0 coins
Emily Jackson
•There's no IRS requirement for the buyer to share their completed form with the seller. It's just a best practice to avoid discrepancies that might trigger an audit. The smart approach is to have detailed allocations in the purchase agreement that both parties sign off on. If possible, include language that requires both parties to use these exact allocations on their respective tax filings. Some purchase agreements even include a cooperation clause for tax filings to ensure consistency.
0 coins
Liam Mendez
Don't forget about state tax implications too! Depending on where your client is located, there might be state-level reporting requirements for the business asset transfer. Some states have their own version of Form 8594 or require additional schedules. Also, if any of the physical assets sold were subject to sales tax, that needs to be addressed. Some states exempt business asset sales if they qualify as an "occasional sale" but others don't. Check your state regulations!
0 coins
Sophia Nguyen
•Good reminder! I learned this lesson the hard way. Had a client in California who sold part of their business and we handled all the federal forms correctly but completely missed the state requirements. Ended up with penalties that wiped out a chunk of their sale proceeds.
0 coins
Raúl Mora
This is exactly the kind of situation where Form 8594 gets tricky! I dealt with something very similar recently. The key distinction here is that your client sold what could be considered a "business segment" - the trade name and client list together essentially represent the customer-facing part of their business that could operate independently. Even though they're keeping the entity open and maintaining some operations, the IRS looks at whether the transferred assets constitute a trade or business from the buyer's perspective. Since the buyer acquired the ability to serve those clients under that trade name, it's likely an applicable asset acquisition requiring Form 8594. For the allocation, you'll want to be very careful about how the $750k for intangibles gets classified. Trade names typically go in Class IV (Section 197 intangibles other than goodwill and going concern value), while customer lists can sometimes be argued as Class V depending on the specifics. The purchase agreement language will be crucial here. One thing to watch out for - make sure you coordinate with the buyer's accountant if possible. I've seen cases where mismatched allocations between buyer and seller 8594 forms triggered IRS inquiries. The continued operation of your client's business actually makes this coordination even more important since it might raise questions about whether all relevant assets were properly identified and allocated.
0 coins
Morita Montoya
•This is really helpful, especially the point about business segment classification. I'm curious about one thing though - you mentioned that customer lists can sometimes be Class V depending on specifics. What factors determine whether a customer list goes in Class IV versus Class V? Is it based on how the list was developed or the nature of the customer relationships? Also, when you say the continued operation makes coordination more important, are you thinking the IRS might question whether other intangible assets (like ongoing customer relationships for retained clients) should have been included in the sale allocation? I want to make sure I'm not missing anything that could create problems down the road.
0 coins
Giovanni Moretti
•Great question about the Class IV vs Class V distinction! Customer lists typically go in Class IV as Section 197 intangibles, but they could potentially be Class V (goodwill and going concern value) if they're so integral to the business that they represent the expectation of continued customer patronage rather than just contact information. The key factors are: (1) whether the list has independent value beyond just names/contacts, (2) the nature and duration of customer relationships, and (3) how the list was developed. A highly curated client list with long-term service contracts would lean more toward Class IV, while a basic contact database might be harder to separate from general goodwill. You're absolutely right about the coordination concern. The IRS might question whether the seller retained any intangible value related to customer relationships, especially if they're continuing to service some of the same market. They could argue that ongoing customer relationships or market presence should have been allocated as part of the sale. I'd recommend being very specific in the purchase agreement about exactly which customer relationships transferred and which remained with the seller. Documentation showing clear separation of the customer bases will be crucial if this ever gets scrutinized.
0 coins