Don't forget that if your daughter files her own return, she needs to check the box that says "Someone can claim you as a dependent" on her 1040! I made this mistake with my kid last year and it caused issues with both of our returns being processed.

Great question! I dealt with this exact situation with my 16-year-old last year. Here's what I learned: Your daughter definitely needs to file her own tax return since she has self-employment income over $400. The $1,150 on her 1099-NEC means she'll owe self-employment taxes (about 15.3% on the net earnings). Good news though - you can absolutely still claim her as a dependent on your joint return as long as she meets the qualifying child requirements (under 19, lives with you more than half the year, etc.). A few important things to remember: - She needs to check the "Someone else can claim you as a dependent" box on her return - Consider any business expenses she had for the graphic design work (software, supplies, etc.) - these can reduce her taxable income - She'll file Form 1040 with Schedule C for the business income - Both federal AND state returns will likely be required The process isn't too complicated once you know the rules. FreeTaxUSA should handle her return just fine too. Just make sure both returns are consistent about the dependency claim to avoid any processing delays.

This has been such an informative discussion! As someone who's dealt with similar IRA contribution complications, I wanted to add one more consideration that might be relevant to your situation. Since you're a consultant with potentially lumpy income, you might want to look into setting up quarterly check-ins with yourself (or a tax professional) to reassess your contribution strategy throughout the year. With income that can swing dramatically like yours, having a system to adjust your retirement contributions quarterly could help you avoid this kind of mid-year scramble in the future. For this year specifically, I'd echo what others have said about recharacterization being your best bet - it avoids the earnings penalties and keeps your money working for you. But going forward, you might consider a more conservative approach where you wait until later in the year to make Roth contributions once you have a better sense of your annual income, or default to the backdoor Roth strategy from the start if your income is likely to be variable. Also, don't forget that you have until your tax filing deadline (including extensions) to sort this out, so you're not under immediate time pressure. Take the time to run the numbers properly and choose the strategy that works best for your overall financial picture!

As a fellow freelancer who went through almost this exact scenario last year, I completely understand your stress! The good news is that this situation is more common than you think, especially with the gig economy creating so much income volatility. Here's what I learned after consulting with both my CPA and my brokerage: You have several solid options, and none of them involve losing your money or getting penalized unfairly. The recharacterization route that others mentioned worked great for me - I was able to convert my Roth contributions to Traditional IRA contributions, then later did a backdoor Roth conversion once I sorted out my other IRA balances. One thing I'd strongly recommend is calling your brokerage sooner rather than later, even if you don't make a final decision right away. They can walk you through exactly how each option would work with your specific account and contribution amounts. Most of them deal with this situation regularly and have streamlined processes. Also, don't forget to factor in business deductions when calculating your final MAGI - as a consultant, you likely have more deductible expenses than you realize, which could potentially keep you closer to the Roth limits than your gross income suggests. Equipment, software, home office, professional development, etc. can all add up significantly. You've got time to figure this out properly, and based on all the great advice in this thread, you have excellent options to choose from!

Something else to consider - if you're buying chargers and phone accessories for employees, make sure you have an accountable plan in place if you're reimbursing them for these purchases. Otherwise, those reimbursements could be considered taxable income to the employees.

This is exactly the kind of question I had when I started my small business! I was putting everything phone-related under utilities and it was such a mess. One thing that helped me was creating a simple spreadsheet to track all these small tech purchases throughout the year. I have columns for date, item, cost, business percentage, and category. For chargers and accessories, I use "Office Supplies" as mentioned by others here. Also, if you're like me and use your phone for both business and personal, don't forget to calculate that business use percentage. I track my business calls/usage monthly to justify my deduction percentage. For accessories that are used 100% for business (like that extra charger you keep at the office), you can deduct the full amount. Keep all those receipts organized - even the small $10 ones add up over the year and every legitimate deduction helps!

Slightly different perspective - have you checked if you might qualify for the reduced 50% exclusion rather than the 100% exclusion? The rules vary based on when the stock was acquired as C corp shares. For C corp shares acquired after August 10, 1993 but before February 18, 2009, you can exclude 50% of the gain. For shares acquired after February 18, 2009 and before September 28, 2010, you can exclude 75%. And for shares acquired after September 28, 2010, you can exclude 100%. But this all depends on when the shares were acquired as C corp shares, which in your case sounds like October 2018, so you'd be in the 100% category if you met the holding period.

I'm really sorry to hear about your situation - being just two months short of the 5-year requirement is incredibly frustrating, especially when you've been with the company since its founding. While the other commenters are correct about the general rule that C-Corp holding periods don't "tack" from previous entity types, there might be one avenue worth exploring given your specific timeline. Since your S-Corp to C-Corp conversion happened in October 2018, you should definitely investigate whether this qualified as a tax-free reorganization under Section 368 of the Internal Revenue Code. If the conversion was properly structured as a Section 368 reorganization (which many S-Corp to C-Corp conversions are), there's potentially an argument for holding period tacking under certain circumstances. This is an extremely technical area of tax law where the specific documentation and structure of your conversion matters enormously. Given the potential tax savings at stake, I'd strongly recommend consulting with a tax attorney who specializes specifically in Section 1202 and corporate reorganizations - not just a general CPA. You'll need someone who can review your conversion documents, operating agreements, and any legal opinions from 2018 to determine if there's any path forward. The fact that you were kept in the dark about sale details is also concerning from a fiduciary duty standpoint, but that's a separate issue. For now, focus on gathering all your corporate documents from the 2018 conversion and get specialized legal advice before your filing deadline.

Great thread! I'm currently studying for my EA exams too and wanted to add a few more budget-friendly options I've discovered: 1. **IRS Circular 230** - This is completely free from the IRS website and covers the ethics portion (Part 3). It's dense reading but comprehensive. 2. **YouTube channels** - There are several tax professionals who post EA exam prep videos for free. "Tax School for Pros" has particularly good content for Parts 1 and 2. 3. **Local community college courses** - Some offer EA exam prep as continuing education classes for around $200-300. You get instructor support and often access to their practice question banks. 4. **Study groups** - Check if there's a local NAEA (National Association of Enrolled Agents) chapter near you. They sometimes organize study groups where members share materials and costs. Also, don't forget that EA exam fees are tax deductible as an educational expense related to your career, so keep all your receipts! Good luck with your studies - the summer break timing is perfect for tackling all three parts.

Adding to the great suggestions here - I recently passed all three EA parts using a combination of free and low-cost resources that totaled under $200. Here's what worked for me: **Free Resources:** - IRS Publication 17 (Your Federal Income Tax) - covers most of Part 1 - IRS Publication 334 (Tax Guide for Small Business) - essential for Part 2 - All the IRS Circular 230 materials mentioned above **Low-Cost Purchases:** - Used Gleim books from 2 years ago on eBay ($85 total for all three parts) - TaxMama's practice question bank ($149 - totally worth it for the explanations) **Study Strategy:** I spent about 6 weeks total, doing 2-3 hours daily during my summer break. The key was using the IRS materials for content learning and the practice questions to identify weak spots. One thing I wish someone had told me: the exams are very application-based, so focus more on understanding concepts rather than memorizing exact tax code sections. The practice questions from TaxMama really helped with this approach. Also, consider taking Part 3 (ethics) first - it's the shortest and gives you confidence going into the other two parts. Good luck with your summer study plan!