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Something that confused me when I first started my business was that "filing" and "paying" are sometimes different deadlines. You might need to FILE by a certain date but PAY by another date... or sometimes pay BEFORE you file (like with estimated taxes). The IRS website has a tax calendar that might help: https://www.irs.gov/tax-calendars
This is such an important distinction! Also want to add that if you can't pay the full amount when filing, you should still file on time and pay what you can. The penalties for not filing are much higher than the penalties for not paying the full amount.
As someone who moved to the US and started a business here, I can relate to your confusion! The tax system is definitely complex. One thing that really helped me was understanding that business tax obligations go beyond just annual filing - there are also monthly employment tax deposits if you have employees, and various state and local tax requirements that vary by location. I'd recommend starting with the IRS Small Business and Self-Employed Tax Center (https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed) - it has a good overview of different business types and their requirements. Also consider getting an EIN (Employer Identification Number) early even if you don't have employees yet, as many banks and vendors require it. The learning curve is steep, but once you understand the basics it becomes much more manageable. Don't hesitate to consult with a tax professional for your first year - the peace of mind is worth the cost!
This is really helpful advice, especially about getting an EIN early! I hadn't thought about that. Quick question - when you mention "monthly employment tax deposits," does that apply even if you're just a sole proprietor with no employees? Or is that only once you start hiring people? I'm planning to stay solo for at least the first year but want to make sure I'm not missing anything important.
I went through this same worry last year and can share what I learned. The offset information definitely won't appear until your return is fully processed - it's literally one of the last steps before they issue your refund. However, since you mentioned being concerned about student loans after graduating, I'd strongly recommend being proactive. Log into studentaid.gov right now to verify your actual loan status. Many recent graduates think they're in good standing but don't realize their grace period ended or their servicer changed. I discovered I had a loan that went into default because the servicer switched and I never got the memo about when payments were supposed to start. It's much better to find out now and potentially fix any issues than to wait and see an unexpected offset code appear on your transcript when your refund is ready. If everything checks out on studentaid.gov, then you can breathe easier knowing you're actually in good standing.
This is such solid advice! I just went through something similar and wish I had been more proactive. I was also a recent grad thinking I was fine with my loans, but it turns out my grace period had actually ended a month earlier than I calculated. The servicer had sent notices to an old address and I never updated my contact info after moving post-graduation. By the time I realized what happened, I was already technically in delinquency. Fortunately I caught it before my refund processed and was able to make the overdue payments, but it was a wake-up call. The studentaid.gov dashboard really does show you everything clearly - payment status, servicer info, grace period end dates, everything. Way better to spend 10 minutes checking that than weeks worrying about whether your refund will get offset!
I can relate to this anxiety completely! As others have mentioned, offset information typically won't show on your transcript until your return is fully processed and they're ready to issue the refund. The Treasury Offset Program runs their check at the very end of the process, not during processing. However, since you're concerned about student loans after graduating, I'd definitely recommend checking your status proactively rather than waiting and worrying. Log into studentaid.gov to verify you're actually current - sometimes grace periods end sooner than expected or servicers change without clear notification. If you want immediate peace of mind, you can also call the Treasury Offset Program directly at 800-304-3107 to see if you have any registered debts in their system. It won't tell you the exact offset amount, but it will confirm whether there's anything that could potentially affect your refund. Better to know now than stress about it for weeks!
Does anyone know if state tax filing follows the same rules? I'm in California with a similar situation (I'm resident, spouse is non-resident on F1) and I'm not sure if making the federal election to file jointly means we have to file jointly for state too?
Most states follow federal filing status, but California is actually one of the exceptions in certain cases. If one spouse is a non-resident and has no California income, you might be able to file as married filing separately for CA even if you file jointly federally. Check out CA Form 540NR instructions - there's a specific section for this situation. You might save on state taxes this way while still getting federal benefits of MFJ.
Thanks for the tip about Form 540NR! I'll definitely look into that. Would make a huge difference if we can optimize both federal and state filings separately.
Great discussion everyone! I wanted to add another perspective as someone who went through this exact situation last year. One thing to keep in mind is timing - since you got married in May 2025, you'll be considered married for the entire tax year for filing purposes. This means you can choose between MFJ or MFS for your 2025 return. I'd also suggest documenting everything carefully. When I made the Section 6013(g) election, I kept copies of all the paperwork including the statement attached to our return, my wife's I-94, and her I-20 showing her F1 status. The IRS never questioned it, but having that documentation ready gave me peace of mind. Another consideration: if your wife plans to change visa status in the future (like applying for a green card), filing jointly and making the election won't negatively impact that process. In fact, it can sometimes help establish the legitimacy of your marriage for immigration purposes. The tax savings from MFJ are usually substantial enough to outweigh the added complexity of reporting worldwide income, especially if her foreign income is minimal like most F1 students.
This is really helpful context, thanks @Ezra Bates! I'm curious about the documentation part you mentioned. When you attached the Section 6013(g) election statement to your return, did you file it with your original return or did you have to amend? And did you need to include any specific language in the statement beyond just declaring the election? Also, regarding the timing aspect - since @Layla Sanders mentioned they got married in May 2025, would there be any advantage to filing separately for part of the year and then jointly for the remainder, or is it really an all-or-nothing choice for the entire tax year?
Based on everyone's responses here, it sounds like you're definitely on the right track - you don't need to check the multiple jobs box since you're only working one job currently. One thing I'd add is that if you're worried about your withholding being accurate (especially with the salary increase from $62k to $71k), you might want to run the IRS withholding calculator in a few months once you have a couple paystubs from your new job. That way you can see if you need to adjust anything for the rest of 2025. Also, keep in mind that having that gap between jobs might actually work in your favor tax-wise since your total 2024 income was probably lower than it would have been if you'd worked the full year at either salary level.
That's a really good point about the income gap potentially working in your favor! I hadn't thought about that angle. Since you were unemployed for a few months, your total 2024 income was definitely lower than a full year at either job would have been. Just wanted to add - when you do run that IRS withholding calculator that others mentioned, make sure you have your final paystub from your old job handy so you can enter the exact amounts that were already withheld. That'll give you the most accurate picture of whether you need to adjust anything going forward.
Great question! I went through something similar when I switched jobs last year. Everyone here is absolutely right - that multiple jobs checkbox is only for when you're working more than one job at the same time, not for sequential employment like your situation. Since you're only working one job now, you can skip that entire section. The W4 is all about setting up proper withholding going forward from your current employer, not accounting for what happened earlier in the year. One tip though - since your new job pays more ($71k vs $62k), you might want to check the IRS withholding estimator in a month or two once you have a few paystubs. The higher salary could put you in a different tax situation, and it's better to catch any underwithholding early rather than owe a big chunk next April! But for now, just fill out the W4 as if this is your only job (because it is), and you should be all set.
This is such helpful advice! I'm actually in a similar boat - just started a new job after being laid off earlier this year, and I was stressing about the W4 form. It's reassuring to hear from someone who went through the same thing. Quick question though - when you mention checking the IRS withholding estimator in a month or two, do you enter info from both your old job AND your new job for 2024? Or just focus on the new job since that's what's affecting your 2025 withholding? I want to make sure I'm doing this right!
Bethany Groves
I keep seeing conflicting info about mortgage interest! Has anyone else noticed that some newer homes dont qualify for the full mortgage interest deduction? I think theres a new loan limit around $750k.
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KingKongZilla
ā¢You're right about the loan limit change. For mortgages taken out after December 15, 2017, you can only deduct interest on loan amounts up to $750,000. For older mortgages (before that date), the limit is $1 million. This was part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.
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Marcus Marsh
@Molly Hansen - Just to add another perspective on your mortgage interest situation: don't forget to also consider if you had any mortgage insurance premiums (PMI) during the year. If you paid PMI and meet certain income requirements, that could also be deductible and help push your itemized deductions higher. Also, since you mentioned you've been getting 1098s since 2019, you might want to double-check that you haven't been missing out on deductions in previous years. If you were taking the standard deduction but could have benefited from itemizing in any of those years, you can still file amended returns (Form 1040X) for up to three years back to claim those deductions. The mortgage interest deduction really is one of those things that can make a big difference depending on your total tax picture, so it's worth running the numbers each year!
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Dylan Hughes
ā¢Great point about PMI! I completely forgot about that. I did pay PMI for the first couple years until I hit 20% equity. Is there an income limit for deducting PMI? Also, the amended return idea is really interesting - I never thought about going back to check if I missed deductions in previous years. Would I need to recalculate everything from scratch for those years or just add the mortgage interest deduction?
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