What about medical expenses she had before passing? Can those be deducted on her final return? My family member had nearly $30k in out-of-pocket medical costs in their final months.

Yes, medical expenses can be deducted on the final tax return, and they're subject to more favorable rules in this situation. Medical expenses paid by the estate within one year of death can be treated as if they were paid at the time of death, and can be deducted on the final income tax return. The threshold for deducting medical expenses is typically 7.5% of adjusted gross income, but given the potentially large expenses in a final illness, it's quite possible you'll exceed that threshold and be able to take a substantial deduction.

How much did it cost to hire a third-party executor? We're considering this option because tensions are already high.

Thanks for mentioning this! I didn't think about the Additional Child Tax Credit. Do you know if unemployment income counts toward eligibility for that? And does the Child and Dependent Care Credit apply if the childcare was only for part of the year (Jan-Mar before I lost my job)?

Unemployment income does count toward eligibility for the Additional Child Tax Credit, which is good news in your case. The ACTC looks at your total income, not just earned income like the EITC does, so your unemployment benefits will help you qualify. For the Child and Dependent Care Credit, you can absolutely claim it for just part of the year. You can claim expenses you paid for childcare during the months you were working (January-March). Even though it was only a few months, every bit helps when it comes to maximizing your refund.

I just checked the IRS website and unfortunately I think the EITC lookback provision expired. It was specifically extended for 2021 taxes (filed in 2022) but I don't see anything about it being available for 2023 tax returns. That might explain why your refund is lower.

That's a good point about keeping the LLC active. My state charges $125 annually to maintain it. Do you track W-2 income and LLC income separately? And how do you handle retirement contributions when you have both types of income?

Yes, you absolutely need to track W-2 income and LLC income separately. I keep separate bank accounts and credit cards for business expenses to make this clean and audit-proof. For retirement contributions with both income types, it gets interesting and potentially advantageous. If your W-2 employer offers a 401k, you can max that out ($22,500 in 2023 plus catch-up if eligible), AND you can still contribute to a Solo 401k through your LLC as the "employer" portion. You can't double-dip on the employee contribution, but the employer contribution is based on your LLC profit. This lets you potentially put away significantly more for retirement than you could with just W-2 employment. Just make sure you're working with a tax professional who understands these nuances, particularly if you're juggling both types of income. These hybrid situations can be tax-advantageous but require careful documentation.

Is there a cheaper alternative to QuickBooks? $15/month seems steep when I'm just starting out with a small side business.

Does this work if my car is used like 90% for personal use and maybe 10% for business? I occasionally drive to clients or networking events but it's pretty rare.

Yes, you can absolutely still claim the business portion! That's exactly why you need to keep a mileage log - to separate personal from business use. You'd only deduct that 10% of your use that was business-related. The easiest way is to track all your business trips with a mileage tracking app (I use MileIQ but there are free options too). At tax time, you multiply your business miles by the standard mileage rate. So if you drove 1,000 business miles in a year, that's a $655 deduction even if you drove 9,000 personal miles that you don't count.

I learned this the hard way last year - got hit with penalties for not making quarterly payments. How much should you typically set aside? I've heard anywhere from 25-40% of income.

This is super important advice! My daughter started her first job last year and we had to figure this out. The rules are: If you're under 24 and a student, or under 19 otherwise, AND your parents provide more than half your support, they can claim you. But you need to coordinate with them before either of you file.

Oh! I totally forgot about state taxes. I moved from Michigan to California for this job in August. Does that mean I need to file in both states?

Yes, you'll need to file a part-year resident return for both Michigan and California since you earned income in both states during 2024. This is called filing a "part-year resident return" in each state. The good news is that tax software can handle this situation - you'll just need to indicate when you moved and which parts of your income were earned in each state. There are credits to prevent double taxation, so you won't pay taxes twice on the same income. California has some of the highest state income taxes in the country, while Michigan's rates are lower, so be prepared for that difference. The software will calculate everything correctly as long as you input your moving date and income sources accurately.