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The IRS publication about this (Pub 970) actually explains it but in the most confusing way possible lol. For AOTC, you can claim it for only 4 tax years, AND you have to be in one of the first 4 years of your post-secondary education program. So if you took 5 years to complete a 4-year bachelor's program, you can only get AOTC for the first 4 years. For year 5, you'd need to switch to the Lifetime Learning Credit.
I thought it was just 4 years total regardless of what "year" you're in academically? My advisor told me as long as you haven't claimed it 4 times already you can still get it.
Your advisor is partially right, but there's more to it. You can claim AOTC for up to 4 tax years, but there's also a requirement that you must be enrolled in one of the first 4 years of post-secondary education (what the IRS considers your freshman through senior years). If you're in what would academically be considered your 5th year or greater (like if you're working on a second bachelor's or have been in school longer than the typical 4-year program), you generally wouldn't qualify regardless of how many times you've claimed it before. The Lifetime Learning Credit doesn't have this restriction, which is why it's available for graduate students and lifelong learners.
Quick tip for future reference: Keep good records of which years you claim each education credit! I've been audited before specifically about education credits and had to go back through 5 years of returns to prove my eligibility. I use a really simple spreadsheet now that tracks: 1. Which years I claimed AOTC 2. Which years I claimed Lifetime Learning 3. My qualified expenses for each year 4. Which 1098-T forms correspond to which tax year
How do the 1098-T forms work with this? Mine always seems to have different amounts than what I actually paid because of timing of the payments vs when classes start.
I've been lurking on this sub for a while but had to jump in because I literally just resolved this exact same issue last week! Got a CP81 notice back in February showing a $2,890 credit with the same "we don't have your return" message. Like everyone else here, I was totally confused because I distinctly remember e-filing through FreeTaxUSA and getting confirmation emails. After reading similar threads and trying the suggestions people mentioned, here's what actually worked: First, I checked my filing software account and found a rejection notice buried in an obscure "messages" section that I had completely missed. My return was rejected because I fat-fingered my prior year AGI by one digit. The software showed "submitted" but never actually made it through to the IRS. Second, I created the IRS online account everyone keeps mentioning and pulled my wage transcript. Sure enough, it showed my exact W-2 withholding amounts that matched the credit in the notice - so I knew the money was real. The whole process from refiling to getting my refund took about 4 weeks once I corrected the AGI error. The relief when that direct deposit finally hit was incredible! For anyone dealing with this - don't panic, check your tax software for hidden rejection messages, and definitely create that IRS account to verify what they have on file. That credit is YOUR money waiting to come home!
This is such a relief to hear from someone who just went through the exact same process! Your experience with FreeTaxUSA having the rejection notice buried in an obscure "messages" section is eye-opening - it makes me wonder how many people miss these critical notifications because they're not prominently displayed. The one-digit AGI error is exactly the kind of thing that would be so easy to miss but would cause a rejection. I'm definitely going to double-check my prior year AGI when I refile. Four weeks from correction to refund doesn't sound too bad either, especially considering how backed up the IRS has been. Thanks for sharing the step-by-step of what actually worked - it's giving me a clear roadmap to follow. The fact that your wage transcript matched the credit amount in the notice perfectly really confirms that these CP81 notices are legitimate and not some kind of error or scam like I was worried about initially.
I'm going through this exact same situation right now and this thread has been incredibly eye-opening! I received a CP81 notice last week showing a $5,234 credit but claiming my 2021 return was never received. Like many of you, I used TurboTax and was certain I had filed everything correctly. After reading all these responses, I immediately went to check my TurboTax account and found a rejection notice from April 2022 that I had completely missed! It was rejected for an incorrect prior year AGI, just like several others mentioned here. The scary part is TurboTax still showed my return as "submitted" in the main dashboard, but the rejection was buried in a separate notifications area. I just created my IRS online account this morning and pulled my wage transcript - it shows the exact W-2 withholding amounts that add up to the credit mentioned in my notice. This confirms that the money is real and represents actual tax withholdings my employer reported to the IRS. It's honestly shocking how common this issue seems to be based on everyone's experiences here. Makes me wonder if there was a systematic problem with e-filing systems in 2021/2022 that affected way more people than anyone realized. I'm planning to refile this weekend with the correct prior year AGI. Thank you all for sharing your stories - knowing I'm not alone in this and that it's totally fixable has been such a huge relief!
Wow, your story is almost identical to what so many others are experiencing! The fact that TurboTax showed "submitted" on the main dashboard while hiding the rejection notice in a separate area is really concerning - how many people are missing these critical notifications? It's fascinating that the prior year AGI error seems to be such a common rejection reason. I'm wondering if there was something specific about how that information was being validated in 2021 that caused more rejections than usual, or if people were just more likely to make mistakes with their AGI after all the pandemic-related tax changes. Your $5,234 credit being perfectly matched by your wage transcript is exactly the confirmation everyone needs to see that these CP81 notices are legitimate. It really drives home the point that this is YOUR money that's been sitting there waiting, not some kind of IRS error or scam. Good luck with your refiling this weekend - sounds like you've got all the pieces figured out now!
Just a quick heads up - if you decide to mail in your Form 1065, make sure you're using the CURRENT YEAR form from the IRS website. I made the mistake of using an old form I had saved, and it caused all kinds of problems. Also, send it certified mail so you have proof of when you sent it. The IRS lost my mailed form one year and tried to hit me with late filing penalties!!
This happened to me too! The IRS claimed they never received my mailed Form 1065 and I had no proof of mailing. Ended up paying over $800 in penalties. Certified mail with return receipt is absolutely worth the extra few dollars.
I've been in the exact same boat with those ridiculous software fees! Another option you might consider is hiring a local CPA or tax professional who specializes in small business returns. I found one who charges around $300-400 for Form 1065 preparation and e-filing, which is still way less than what the premium software was charging me. The advantage is that they handle all the complexities, ensure everything is filed correctly, and can advise you on the business name change process too. Plus, if there are any issues or questions from the IRS later, you have someone to call who already knows your situation. Just make sure to get quotes from a few different professionals in your area - prices can vary quite a bit. Some even offer package deals if you have them handle both your personal and business returns.
You might also want to consider filing a complaint with your state's Department of Labor if your former employer is still dodging their responsibilities. Many states require employers to provide W-2s even after closing, and some have penalties for failing to do so. In the meantime, definitely go with Form 4852 as others have suggested. One tip that helped me in a similar situation: if you remember your hourly rate or salary, multiply that by the hours/months you worked to get your gross wages. Then use online tax calculators to estimate what would have been withheld based on your income level and filing status. Also keep any emails or documentation showing you tried to get the W-2 from your employer - this proves you made good faith efforts to get accurate information, which the IRS appreciates if they ever have questions. Don't let this stress you out too much. The IRS deals with these situations regularly, especially with all the business closures in recent years.
This is really helpful advice about filing with the Department of Labor! I didn't even think about that angle. Does anyone know if there's a time limit on filing those kinds of complaints? My employer closed down over a year ago now. Also, the tip about using tax calculators to estimate withholding is smart. I was just guessing at random percentages before, but using an actual calculator based on my income level would definitely give me more accurate numbers for the Form 4852.
I went through almost exactly this situation two years ago when my company suddenly folded. The fact that your wages aren't showing up on your IRS wage transcript is a dead giveaway - they definitely never submitted your W-2 information despite their claims. Here's my step-by-step advice based on what worked for me: 1. **File Form 4852 immediately** - Don't wait any longer since your extension deadline is approaching. This substitute form is specifically designed for missing W-2 situations. 2. **Gather whatever evidence you have** - Even if it's just bank deposit records showing your net pay, work emails mentioning your salary, or anything that helps establish what you earned. 3. **Be methodical with your estimates** - I used my final pay stub (luckily I had one) to calculate my year-to-date totals. If you don't have that, work backwards from your known salary/hourly rate and time worked. 4. **Document everything** - Keep records of all your attempts to contact the employer, any responses you got, and how you calculated your estimates. The IRS wants to see you made good faith efforts. 5. **Don't panic about perfect accuracy** - The IRS understands these situations happen. As long as your estimates are reasonable and well-documented, you should be fine. The key thing is just getting your return filed before the October deadline. You can always amend later if more accurate information becomes available. Good luck!
This is exactly the kind of comprehensive advice I needed! Thank you so much for laying out the steps so clearly. I've been paralyzed by not knowing where to start, but this gives me a concrete action plan. I do have a few bank statements showing the direct deposits, and I remember my hourly rate, so I should be able to work backwards to get reasonable estimates. The part about documenting my good faith efforts is really important - I have email exchanges with the former owner where they kept promising the W-2s were "being worked on." One quick question: when you filed Form 4852, did you attach any kind of explanation letter, or did you just submit the form with your supporting documentation? I'm wondering if I should write something explaining the situation or if that's unnecessary. Really appreciate you sharing your experience - it's reassuring to know others have successfully navigated this mess!
Ethan Wilson
I'm so glad I found this thread! I just started my small custom sticker business and was having the exact same concerns about my EIN classification. When I applied last month, I went with "printing services" since I'm designing and printing custom stickers, but then I started wondering if I should have selected "retail sales" since I'm selling directly to customers online and at local events. This whole discussion has been incredibly reassuring! It's such a relief to hear from so many other small business owners who went through the same classification confusion and that it doesn't actually limit what I can deduct. I've been tracking all my material costs - vinyl sheets, transfer tape, printer ink, cutting blades - but wasn't sure how they'd be categorized for tax purposes. Based on everyone's advice here, it sounds like my materials should go under Cost of Goods Sold since I'm converting raw materials into finished stickers for sale. The emphasis on detailed record keeping is really helpful too - I'm going to start being more systematic about tracking which materials go into each order. Thanks to everyone who shared their experiences! This kind of real-world knowledge from actual business owners is exactly what newcomers need to hear. Now I can stop worrying about the paperwork and focus on growing my sticker business!
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Mei Chen
ā¢Welcome to the small business world! Your sticker materials are absolutely deductible as Cost of Goods Sold regardless of whether you classified as "printing services" or "retail sales" - you're directly transforming vinyl, ink, and other supplies into finished products for sale. I can relate to the classification anxiety! When I started my small embroidery business, I went back and forth between different categories too. What I've learned is that the IRS cares much more about whether your expenses are ordinary and necessary for your business operations than what specific box you checked on your EIN application. Your systematic approach to tracking materials is perfect. For sticker businesses specifically, don't forget you can also deduct things like packaging materials, mailer envelopes, and even design software subscriptions if you're creating original artwork. Since you're doing custom work, keeping records of which materials went into each order will help with both tax documentation and understanding your profit margins per project. Focus on creating great stickers and building your customer base - you've got the record keeping foundation right, and that's what really matters for tax purposes!
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Maya Patel
I'm dealing with this exact same issue with my small woodburning/pyrography business! When I got my EIN a few months back, I was completely torn between "manufacturing" since I'm creating custom designs on wood blanks, and "retail" since I sell my finished pieces at farmers markets and online. I ended up going with "arts and crafts manufacturing" but have been second-guessing myself ever since because most of my sales are direct-to-consumer rather than wholesale. Reading through all these experiences has been such a weight off my shoulders! It's incredible how many of us new business owners stress about this classification when it apparently doesn't even matter for our actual tax deductions. I've been meticulously tracking my wood blanks, burning tips, sandpaper, and finishing oils but wasn't sure if they'd count as legitimate business expenses given my EIN classification. Based on everyone's advice here, it sounds like all my materials should definitely go under Cost of Goods Sold since I'm transforming raw wood into finished art pieces. The record-keeping tips are gold too - I'm going to start documenting which materials go into each piece more systematically. Thanks to everyone for sharing their real experiences! This community knowledge is so much more valuable than trying to decode IRS publications on your own. Now I can get back to focusing on perfecting my burning techniques instead of worrying about paperwork classifications!
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Holly Lascelles
ā¢This thread has been such a lifesaver for all of us new business owners! I'm just starting out with a small resin keychain business and was having the exact same classification worries. When I applied for my EIN, I chose "manufacturing" since I'm mixing resins and pigments to create custom keychains, but then I started panicking that maybe I should have picked "retail" since I sell directly at conventions and online. Reading everyone's experiences here really shows how common this anxiety is! It's so reassuring to know that the classification doesn't actually restrict our deductions. I've been tracking my resin, hardeners, pigments, molds, and keychain hardware, but I wasn't sure how to categorize them for taxes. Your pyrography work sounds amazing by the way! Both of our businesses are similar in that we're taking raw materials and transforming them into finished art pieces. Based on all the advice here, it definitely sounds like our materials belong under Cost of Goods Sold. The tip about documenting which materials go into each piece is really smart - I'm going to start doing that too for better cost tracking. Thanks for sharing your experience! It's so helpful to connect with other makers who understand this journey. Now we can both focus on our craft instead of stressing about paperwork!
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