One aspect that hasn't been mentioned yet is retirement planning. The higher your W-2 income, the more you can contribute to retirement accounts like a Solo 401k. At $800k business income, you might want to consider maxing out your retirement contributions, which would require a higher salary to maximize the employee contribution portion. For 2025, you could potentially put away $23,000 as an employee contribution plus around 25% of your salary as the employer contribution, up to a combined limit of $69,000. This is another factor to consider when determining your reasonable compensation.

This is a great discussion and really helpful to see everyone's perspectives. I'm actually dealing with a similar situation but at a smaller scale - my S-Corp is on track for about $450k this year in IT consulting. What's concerning me is that I've been paying myself only $120k in salary, which after reading this thread seems way too low. The challenge is that most of my clients are on annual contracts, so my income can be pretty lumpy - some quarters are much better than others. Does anyone have advice on how to handle reasonable compensation when your income isn't steady throughout the year? Should I be adjusting my salary quarterly based on performance, or is it better to estimate conservatively at the beginning of the year and then true up with a bonus at the end? Also, @Chloe Taylor makes a great point about retirement planning. I hadn't considered how my salary level affects my 401k contribution limits. That's definitely another factor to weigh when determining the right compensation level.

I'm surprised nobody's mentioned that you can negotiate with your tax professional! When mine tried to charge me $450 for a reasonable compensation report, I asked for a breakdown of what goes into it. Turns out it was mostly pulling data from a subscription database they already pay for and formatting it into a report template. I asked if they could do a more basic version and they agreed to do it for $200 instead. It doesn't have all the fancy graphs and extensive narrative, but it includes the essential salary data for my industry and region with a brief explanation of how my compensation was determined. Another option: if you're using a tax software like TaxSlayer, TurboTax, or H&R Block for your business, some of their higher-tier packages include access to business reports and documentation tools that can help you create your own basic reasonable compensation documentation.

I've been through this exact situation with my S-Corp and ended up doing a hybrid approach that worked well. Instead of paying the full $500 my accountant wanted, I did some research myself first using the Department of Labor's wage data and industry salary surveys, then had my tax professional review my analysis and formalize it into a brief report for $150. The key is making sure you have documentation that shows you researched comparable positions in your industry, location, and company size. I looked at job postings for similar roles, used the Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, and even checked sites like PayScale and Glassdoor for my specific role. My accountant said this approach was perfectly adequate for IRS purposes - what matters is that you can demonstrate you made a good-faith effort to determine reasonable compensation based on objective market data. The fancy reports are nice to have but not always necessary unless you're in a high-audit-risk situation or taking a very aggressive salary/distribution split. Given that you're paying yourself 50% of profits as salary, you're probably in a reasonable range, but having some documentation is definitely smart for peace of mind.

FYI, I learned the hard way that even if you're exempt from self-employment tax due to a totalization agreement, you still need to file Form 8966 to claim the exemption. Don't just not file - that's what triggered an audit for me.

I want to add some perspective as someone who went through a similar situation. The key thing to understand is that your situation might not be as dire as it seems, especially given your income levels. First, definitely look into the US-Germany totalization agreement that others mentioned. If you're contributing to the German social security system through your freelance work, you may be completely exempt from US self-employment tax. You'll need to get a certificate of coverage from Germany proving you're in their system. Second, with income around $380-400 monthly, you're right at the $400 annual threshold for self-employment tax. If your net income (after legitimate business expenses like software, equipment, home office deduction, etc.) falls below $400 in any given year, you won't owe SE tax for that year. For catching up on unfiled returns, consider the IRS Voluntary Disclosure Program if you qualify - it can help reduce penalties. Also, first-time penalty abatement is available if you have a clean compliance history. Don't panic - thousands of expat freelancers deal with this exact situation. The important thing is you're addressing it now rather than continuing to ignore it. Document everything, keep good records of your German tax payments and social security contributions, and consider getting professional help for the initial catch-up filing to make sure you're claiming all available exemptions and credits.

Has anyone successfully deducted home office and tech equipment for their S-Corp trading business? My accountant says since trading isn't technically a "service" I provide to others, I might not qualify for these deductions even though I have a dedicated home office where I exclusively do my trading work.

One thing that might help clarify your situation is understanding the difference between "investment activity" and "trading business activity" within your S-Corp. The IRS looks at factors like frequency of trades, time spent, and intent to profit from short-term price movements versus long-term appreciation. If your S-Corp is engaged in trading as a business (not just investment), you can legitimately pay yourself a reasonable salary for managing those trading activities. The salary reduces the S-Corp's net income, and the remaining profits (still characterized as capital gains) flow through to your personal return. Regarding your question about reinvesting profits - this doesn't change your tax liability. You're taxed on realized gains whether you distribute the cash or reinvest it. However, if you're consistently profitable and reinvesting, you'll want to make sure you have enough cash flow to cover the taxes on the pass-through income. One important consideration: if you're making "multiple short-term trades" as you mentioned, you might want to explore whether your S-Corp qualifies for trader tax status and consider a Section 475 mark-to-market election. This could potentially be more advantageous than traditional capital gains treatment, especially if you experience volatile trading results.

One thing nobody's mentioned is insurance! When I started using my personal vehicle for business, my regular insurance wouldn't cover any accidents that happened during business use. Had to get a commercial policy which was like $600 more a year but WAY worth it when I got rear-ended while driving to a job site. Make sure your covered regardless of whether you repair or buy!

Great question about the seasonal business use! I run a landscaping business with similar challenges - using my truck for business April through October, then personal use during winter months. One consideration I haven't seen mentioned is the timing of when you make those repairs. If you're doing the $5,500 in repairs at the beginning of your busy season (say April), you might want to calculate your business use percentage based on when the repairs actually benefit your business operations. For example, if you repair the truck in April and it's primarily used for business April-September, then personal use October-March, your business percentage for those repairs might be higher than your overall annual mileage percentage would suggest. Also, keep in mind that with repairs this substantial, you'll want to determine if any of them count as "improvements" rather than repairs under IRS rules. Improvements generally need to be depreciated over time rather than deducted immediately, which could affect your decision. Given your potential international move, the repair route definitely seems safer than purchasing. You avoid depreciation recapture issues and don't tie up capital in an asset you might need to liquidate quickly. Document everything meticulously - repair invoices, business mileage logs with specific job addresses and purposes. The IRS scrutinizes vehicle deductions closely, especially for mixed-use vehicles.