Important note from someone who messed this up last year - don't forget to check if your country has a tax treaty with the US! I'm from the Netherlands and found out too late that there are special provisions that could have saved me money on my US taxes. Also make sure you tell your broker you're a non-resident alien by submitting a W-8BEN form. If you don't, they might withhold at the wrong rates or report your income incorrectly.

This is such a helpful thread! I'm also on F1 and was totally panicking about the 30% rate. Just to add one more point that helped me - if you're using multiple brokers (like I have both Robinhood and Fidelity), make sure you submit the W-8BEN form to ALL of them. I made the mistake of only doing it for one account and ended up with incorrect withholding on my dividends from the other broker. Had to file for a refund which was a huge hassle. Also, keep really good records of all your trades and any tax documents (1042-S forms, etc.) because as non-resident aliens we sometimes get different tax forms than regular US taxpayers, and you'll need them all when filing your 1040NR. The effectively connected income treatment for capital gains is definitely the key thing to understand - it was such a relief to learn my gains weren't subject to that flat 30% rate!

I went through this exact same situation last year and totally understand your stress! The CP30 notice is confusing even for people who think they're doing everything right with their taxes. One thing that really helped me was understanding that the IRS has safe harbor rules. If you paid at least 100% of last year's tax liability through estimated payments and withholding (or 110% if your prior year AGI was over $150,000), you shouldn't owe any penalty even if you end up owing more tax when you file. The key is to look at your total payments for the year versus what you actually owed. Sometimes people get these notices even when they technically shouldn't if their payments were properly applied. Before you panic about the penalty amount, I'd suggest calling the IRS (or using one of those callback services others mentioned) to verify that all your estimated payments were properly credited. In my case, one of my online payments had been applied to the wrong tax year, which caused the penalty calculation to be wrong. Also, definitely ask about first-time penalty abatement if you've been compliant for the past few years. The IRS is usually pretty reasonable about waiving penalties for people who made an honest mistake and have a good payment history. Don't stress too much - this is more common than you think and there are usually ways to resolve it!

I'm dealing with a similar CP30 situation right now and your post really resonates with me! The self-employment tax world is so confusing, especially when you think you're doing everything correctly. One thing I learned from my tax preparer is that the CP30 penalty calculation uses what's called the "required installment method." Basically, the IRS looks at each quarter separately and calculates whether you paid enough for that specific period. Even if your total payments for the year were sufficient, you can still get penalized if the timing was off. For example, if you made smaller payments in Q1 and Q2 but then made up for it with larger payments in Q3 and Q4, the IRS will still penalize you for the early quarters being short - even though your annual total was correct. The good news is that as others mentioned, first-time penalty abatement is definitely worth pursuing. I've heard the IRS is pretty reasonable about it if you can show you made a good faith effort to comply and this was genuinely your first mistake. Also, make sure to double-check that all your estimated payments were properly credited to your account and the right tax year. Payment processing errors happen more often than you'd think, and sometimes these notices are issued incorrectly. Hang in there - you're definitely not alone in finding these notices overwhelming!

I think everyone is overcomplicating this. Our LLC accountant told us to just record it as "Due to Member" on the books, then when the LLC pays us back, it's recorded as reducing that liability. Simple journal entries, no loan docs needed, and the LLC still gets the deduction while member repayment isn't taxable income. Worked for us with no issues.

Great question! I went through something similar when starting my LLC. The confusion about reimbursements vs deductions is really common, but here's the key point: the LLC can absolutely still deduct legitimate business expenses even if members initially paid for them personally. The critical thing is documentation. You need to clearly establish that these were business expenses paid on behalf of the LLC, not personal expenses. Keep all receipts and create a clear paper trail showing the business purpose of each expense. You have a few options for how to handle the accounting: 1. Treat the payments as capital contributions (increases your basis in the LLC) 2. Document them as loans to the LLC (allows for formal repayment) 3. Set up an accountable plan for reimbursements The loan approach is often preferred because it gives you the most flexibility - the LLC gets the deductions, you can be repaid without it counting as taxable income to you, and it doesn't affect ownership percentages if members contributed different amounts. Just make sure you document everything properly from the start. The IRS wants to see clear business purpose and proper substantiation for any deductions.

Has anyone had experience with a C-Corp name change that involves a totally different DBA (doing business as) name? We're keeping our legal C-Corp name the same but operating under a completely new brand name. Do we need to notify the IRS about our DBA or just use our legal name on all tax forms?

I went through this exact situation last year with my consulting firm. The fastest method I found was actually a combination approach: 1. File Form 8822-B immediately (as Andre mentioned) - this is crucial for official records 2. Call the IRS Business & Specialty Tax Line at 800-829-4933 the same day you mail the form When I called, I had my state Articles of Amendment ready and was able to verify the name change was legitimate. The IRS representative made a notation in their system that expedited the processing of my Form 8822-B. Without the call, it would have taken 6+ weeks, but with the phone notation, my name change was processed in about 2 weeks. Pro tip: Call early in the morning (8 AM ET) for shorter hold times, and have your EIN, old business name, new business name, and state filing confirmation number ready. The rep will ask for all of these to verify your identity. Also make sure your state filing is completely processed before contacting the IRS - they will verify this during the call. Don't forget to update your business bank accounts and any quarterly estimated tax vouchers with the new name once the IRS confirms the change!

Has anyone tried using a tax professional instead of software for back taxes? I'm worried about making mistakes that could make my situation worse.

I went through this exact situation two years ago with 4 years of unfiled returns. Here's what I learned: 1. **Software choice**: I ended up using FreeTaxUSA after comparing costs. TurboTax wanted $140+ per year for my 1099 situation, while FreeTaxUSA was around $15-20 per prior year return. The interface isn't as polished as TurboTax, but it gets the job done. 2. **Filing order matters**: File in chronological order (2022 first, then 2023, then 2024). Some refunds from earlier years might offset what you owe for later years. 3. **Penalties**: The failure-to-file penalty is brutal (5% per month), but if you're getting refunds for any of those years, you won't owe failure-to-pay penalties on those. I qualified for first-time penalty abatement which saved me about $800. 4. **Keep copies of everything**: When you mail in the prior year returns, send them certified mail and keep tracking numbers. It can take 6-12 weeks for the IRS to process mailed returns. The whole process took me about 2 months to complete, but getting it done was such a relief. Don't let the fear of penalties stop you - the sooner you file, the sooner you can stop the failure-to-file penalties from accumulating. You've got this!