I went through this nightmare last filing season and it turned out to be a timing issue with the IRS databases. Since you mentioned your child's SSN worked fine for business paperwork and school registrations, but this is happening during tax filing, there's likely a lag between when the Social Security Administration updates their records and when the IRS system syncs up. The fact that you filed successfully in April 2023 but are having issues now in March suggests the IRS might be running validation checks against an outdated database snapshot. Try calling the IRS Practitioner Priority Service line early morning (7 AM EST) - they can manually verify the SSN status in real-time and tell you if there's a systemic issue. Don't keep resubmitting electronically as it may flag your return for additional review.

I experienced this exact same issue in February with my daughter's SSN. After spending two frustrating weeks trying different approaches, I discovered the problem was that her name in the IRS system still had her hyphenated last name from when we first got her SSN, but we had legally changed it to a single surname in 2022. Even though all other government agencies (schools, state benefits, etc.) accepted the new name format, the IRS database hadn't been updated. I ended up having to file a paper return with Form SS-5 documentation attached to prove the name change. The key insight here is that the IRS validation system is incredibly strict about exact matches - not just the SSN digits, but also the associated name and birth date must match their internal records perfectly. Since you mentioned this worked fine last year but not now, I'd suggest calling the SSA first to verify what name format they have on file, then cross-reference that with what the IRS expects. Sometimes state vital records updates don't automatically flow to federal databases.

Great question about S-Corp retirement contributions! I went through this exact same analysis last year with my single-member S-Corp. Here's what I learned that might help: You're absolutely right that you can contribute much more than 10%. With your $85,000 salary, you could max out at about $21,250 with the SEP-IRA (25% of compensation). However, I'd strongly recommend looking into a Solo 401(k) instead - it would let you contribute around $44,250 total ($23,000 employee deferral + ~$21,250 employer contribution). One thing to consider: since you're generating $120K in profits but only taking $85K salary, you might want to evaluate if increasing your salary slightly could boost your retirement contributions. Yes, you'll pay more payroll taxes, but the additional tax-deferred savings often outweigh the extra FICA costs. Also, at 42, you're actually in a good position to catch up! You'll get catch-up contributions starting at 50 (additional $7,500 for 401k), and with your strong business income, you have time to build substantial retirement savings. The key is making sure your salary remains "reasonable compensation" for your industry. Since you mentioned graphic design, $85K sounds reasonable, but you might have room to optimize the salary/distribution split for maximum retirement contributions.

I've been following this discussion and wanted to add some perspective as someone who's helped several S-Corp owners optimize their retirement strategies. One aspect that hasn't been fully addressed is the timing consideration for your situation. Since you're 42 and feeling behind on retirement savings, you might want to consider a hybrid approach for the next few years: 1. **Immediate action**: Switch to a Solo 401(k) to maximize current year contributions (as others mentioned, you could go from your current ~$8,500 to potentially $44,250) 2. **Medium-term strategy**: Once you've built up some retirement savings momentum, evaluate whether a defined benefit plan makes sense (as Emma Davis suggested). At your income level and age, you could potentially defer $75,000-$100,000+ annually. 3. **Salary optimization**: Your calculation approach is generally correct, but don't forget that higher salary also increases your Social Security benefits calculation base. At 42, those future benefits have value too. Also consider that as a graphic designer, your "reasonable compensation" could potentially support a salary higher than $85K depending on your specific role, client base, and geographic market. The IRS looks at what you'd pay someone else to do your job - if you're doing business development, client management, creative direction, AND the actual design work, $85K might be conservative. The key is documenting your rationale and comparing to industry standards in your area. Services like salary.com or PayScale can provide supporting documentation for whatever salary level you choose.

Thanks for all the helpful info everyone! Just to clarify my understanding - so I can withdraw up to $10,000 TOTAL across both my Roth and traditional IRAs using the first-time homebuyer exemption, not $10k from each account. And with my Roth IRA, I can also take out all my contributions penalty-free anytime regardless of the exemption, which gives me more flexibility. One follow-up question - does the order matter? Like should I exhaust my Roth contributions first before using the $10k exemption on earnings? Or would it be smarter to use the exemption on my traditional IRA since those withdrawals would be taxable anyway? I'm trying to minimize my overall tax burden while maximizing what I can access for the down payment.

Just wanted to add a practical tip from my recent home buying experience - if you're planning to use IRA funds for your down payment, make sure to coordinate the timing with your lender and closing date. I made the mistake of withdrawing the money too early and had to keep it in a savings account for 6 weeks, which actually complicated my mortgage application because lenders want to see "seasoned" funds. The 120-day rule gives you flexibility, but ideally you want to time the withdrawal so the funds hit your account close to when you'll need them for closing. Also keep detailed records of the withdrawal and home purchase - I saved copies of my IRA distribution form, the closing disclosure, and purchase contract just in case the IRS ever asks for documentation of the first-time homebuyer exemption. Good luck with your home purchase! The market is definitely challenging right now, but every bit of penalty-free access to your retirement funds helps with that down payment.

Just to add some clarity on the payment methods - you're absolutely right that you can split your payment multiple ways! I did exactly this last year with a $6,200 tax bill. I used two different credit cards ($2,000 each through different processors to stay under the limit per processor), then paid the remaining $2,200 via Direct Pay from my checking account. The key things to remember: 1) Each payment processor has its own 2-card limit, so you can technically use up to 6 credit cards if you go through all three processors, 2) Direct Pay/bank transfers have no fees, and 3) You can spread the payments out over time as long as everything is received by the due date. One tip - I spaced my payments about 3-4 days apart just to make sure each one processed cleanly in their system. All showed up correctly on my account transcript. The credit card processing fees (around 1.87-2.5% depending on the processor) did eat into my rewards a bit, but it was still worth it for the cash flow management and keeping my individual card balances reasonable.

Great question about timing! Yes, you definitely want to start early enough to account for processing delays. Credit card payments through the approved processors typically process within 1-2 business days, but Direct Pay from your bank account can take 3-5 business days to fully clear and post to your IRS account. I'd recommend starting your payment sequence at least 7-10 days before the April 15th deadline, especially if you're using multiple methods. This gives you a buffer in case any payment gets delayed or needs to be resubmitted. And yes, you'll get a separate confirmation number for each individual payment - whether it's through a credit card processor or Direct Pay. I kept a spreadsheet with the payment amount, method, date submitted, and confirmation number for each one. You can also check your IRS online account or call the automated payment line to verify that all payments posted correctly. One more tip: if you're using multiple credit card payments, make sure you have enough available credit on each card before you start the sequence. Nothing worse than having a payment declined halfway through your plan!

Thanks so much to everyone who contributed to this thread! As someone who's been lurking here for a while but never posted before, I have to say this is exactly the kind of detailed, real-world guidance that makes this community so valuable. I'm actually in a somewhat similar situation - currently on an H1B visa and considering an EV purchase next year. Reading through all these responses has given me a much better understanding of how the Clean EV credit works for non-residents and the various considerations around visa status changes. A few key takeaways that really stood out to me: 1. The confirmation that non-resident aliens CAN claim the EV credit as long as they have US tax liability - this wasn't clear to me from the IRS publications alone 2. The income threshold using the lesser of current/prior year AGI is really helpful for planning purposes 3. The importance of keeping detailed documentation, especially around visa status change timing 4. The resources mentioned (taxr.ai and Claimyr) sound incredibly useful for getting definitive answers on complex situations @Javier Mendoza - it sounds like you're all set! The dealer verification and successful rebate processing is a great sign that everything was handled correctly. The professional insights from @Astrid Bergström, @Daniel Washington, and others really seem to confirm that your situation is solid. For anyone else following this thread with similar questions, the consensus seems clear: don't let visa status uncertainty stop you from claiming credits you're legitimately entitled to, but do make sure you have proper documentation and consider professional guidance for complex situations. Thanks again to everyone for sharing such detailed experiences and expertise. This community is awesome!

This has been such an incredibly helpful and comprehensive discussion! As someone who works in immigration law and frequently gets questions about tax implications of visa status changes, I wanted to add one more perspective that might be useful. The intersection of immigration status and tax benefits is always complex, but this thread has done an excellent job breaking down the key issues. @Javier Mendoza, your situation is actually more straightforward than it might initially appear - the Clean EV credit eligibility was locked in when you made your purchase and the dealer processed your rebate based on your qualifying 2023 income. One thing I haven't seen mentioned is that the IRS has been issuing more guidance on these types of situations lately, partly because of increased EV adoption among visa holders. The fact that Form 8936 explicitly references 1040NR shows they anticipated these scenarios. For your E3 visa transition, you're in a good position tax-wise. E3 holders generally have fewer complications than some other visa categories when it comes to tax treatment, and your FICA tax obligations starting in November/December 2024 align perfectly with your status change timing. The resources mentioned throughout this thread (taxr.ai for document analysis and Claimyr for IRS contact) really are valuable for complex situations. Having that official confirmation can be worth its weight in gold when you're dealing with multiple intersecting areas of law. Bottom line - you've got solid eligibility, proper documentation, and excellent guidance from this community. Your 2024 filing should be smooth sailing!