Has anyone considered the 24-credit rule? IRS also says a student is full-time if they're enrolled in enough credits to complete a typical 4-year degree program in 4 years. That's usually 24 credits in a year. So even if you don't meet the 5-month rule, you might still qualify as full-time if you took enough credits during those 4 months.

Don't stress too much about this! I had a very similar situation my freshman year. The key thing to understand is that the IRS looks at whether you were enrolled as a full-time student according to your school's standards for at least 5 months during the tax year. Since you mentioned you were taking 15 credit hours, your school definitely considered you full-time. The question is just whether you can get to 5 months of enrollment. Here's what often helps students in your situation: 1. Check if your school counts orientation week (even if it was just a few days in late August) as part of the enrollment period 2. See if finals week or any post-semester activities in January count toward enrollment 3. If you're continuing in spring semester, that would definitely put you over the 5-month requirement for the tax year I'd recommend getting an official enrollment verification letter from your registrar that shows the exact dates of your enrollment period. You might be surprised to find that your "4-month" semester actually spans 5 calendar months when you include all the official academic activities. Your parents should still be able to claim you as a dependent as long as you meet the other dependency requirements. The timing of your semester shouldn't affect that!

Quick heads up - something nobody mentioned yet is that if you go the Solo 401k route, once your account balance hits $250,000, you'll need to file Form 5500-SF annually. Not a huge deal but something to be aware of for future planning.

One thing I'd add that might be helpful - if your consulting income varies significantly year to year (like yours does between $55k-$105k), you might want to consider making quarterly estimated tax payments that include your retirement contributions. This helps with cash flow management and ensures you're not scrambling at year-end. Also, since you're already with Vanguard, their Solo 401(k) has really low fees and good investment options. When you call them, ask about their "Individual 401(k)" - that's what they call their Solo 401(k) product. They'll walk you through the whole process and can even help you figure out the optimal contribution strategy based on your projected income. One last tip: keep detailed records of all your business expenses from the consulting work. The more legitimate business expenses you can deduct, the higher your net profit will be, which means you can potentially contribute more to the retirement account (since it's based on that 25% of net self-employment income calculation).

Has anyone tried TurboTax for figuring this stuff out? I used it last year and it seemed pretty clear that pet expenses weren't deductible, but I'm wondering if the premium version might have more options for finding other deductions to make up for it?

I've been dealing with massive vet bills too - my cat needed emergency surgery twice this year totaling about $4,800. After reading through all these comments, I decided to try both taxr.ai and Claimyr since everyone seemed to have good experiences. The taxr.ai analysis was really thorough and while they confirmed my vet bills weren't deductible (as expected), they found several business expense deductions I had completely overlooked since I do some freelance work. Saved me about $900 in taxes which definitely helps with the vet bill sting. Then I used Claimyr to get through to an actual IRS agent to double-check some of the more complex deductions taxr.ai had identified. Got connected in maybe 25 minutes and the agent was incredibly helpful - even walked me through proper documentation requirements so I wouldn't have issues if audited. Between the two services, I feel much more confident about my tax situation this year. Sometimes you just need professional help to navigate all the rules properly, especially when you're dealing with significant unexpected expenses like vet bills.

Be careful about ignoring the partnership angle. I tried to treat a similar situation as just "helping a friend" and splitting profits, and ended up with an audit. Since there was a profit-sharing agreement, the IRS deemed it a partnership regardless of what we called it. Their position was that when two or more people join together to purchase/improve property with the intent to make money, that's a partnership for tax purposes - even without formal documentation. The safest approach is filing Form 1065 and issuing K-1s. If you really don't want to do that, at minimum document everything clearly and have a written explanation ready if questioned. Whatever you do, don't just have one person report everything and pay the other under the table - that's asking for trouble!

I'm dealing with a very similar situation right now - bought a property with my cousin, only my name on the deed, verbal 50/50 agreement, and we just sold it. After reading through all these responses, I'm leaning toward filing Form 1065 and issuing K-1s. One thing I haven't seen mentioned is the importance of documenting your agreement NOW if you haven't already. Even though the sale is complete, having a written record of your original 50/50 agreement (even if it's just an email or text message confirmation) will be crucial if the IRS ever questions the arrangement. Also, make sure you're both on the same page about which approach you're taking. My cousin and I initially had different ideas about how to handle this, and it could have created a mess if we'd filed inconsistent returns. The partnership route with K-1s ensures you're both reporting the same information in the same way. The Form 1065 might seem like overkill for a one-time deal, but it's actually the cleanest way to document what actually happened - two people investing together to make a profit. Better to do it right the first time than deal with complications later.

Has anyone here dealt with reporting requirements when using offshore betting sites? I use a mix of legal US platforms like FanDuel and some international sites that don't send any tax forms. Do I still need to report those winnings?

Great question Connor! I went through something similar last year and can confirm that Scenario 2 is correct - you can aggregate all your gambling winnings and losses across different platforms. In your case, you'd report $24,500 in total gambling winnings as income, but you can deduct up to $21,300 in losses if you itemize deductions on Schedule A. This means you'd only pay taxes on the net $3,200 profit. One thing to keep in mind is that you'll need to decide whether itemizing is worth it compared to taking the standard deduction. If your total itemized deductions (including the $21,300 gambling losses plus any other deductions like mortgage interest, charitable contributions, etc.) exceed the standard deduction, then itemizing makes sense. Otherwise, you'd be stuck paying taxes on the full $24,500 in winnings. Make sure to keep detailed records from both platforms - download your annual statements and maintain your own logs of betting activity. The IRS requires good documentation for gambling deductions, so organization is key here.