What are the four main kinds of unemployment Washington ESD recognizes and how do they differ?
I'm trying to understand my unemployment claim better and keep seeing references to different 'types' of unemployment. My friend mentioned there are four main categories that economists and Washington ESD look at when processing claims. Can someone break down what these are and how they might affect my benefit eligibility? I'm currently on regular UI but wondering if my situation might actually fall under a different category.
63 comments


Kara Yoshida
The four main types are: 1) Frictional unemployment - short-term job searching between positions, 2) Structural unemployment - skills don't match available jobs, 3) Cyclical unemployment - economic downturns causing layoffs, and 4) Seasonal unemployment - predictable industry cycles. For Washington ESD purposes, most regular UI claims fall under cyclical or frictional.
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Mateusius Townsend
•Thanks! I think mine would be cyclical since I was laid off due to company downsizing. Does Washington ESD treat these differently in terms of benefit duration?
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Kara Yoshida
•Not really - your benefit amount and duration are based on your work history and wages, not the unemployment type. The classification is more for economic analysis than individual claims.
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Philip Cowan
i was laid off from construction and had to file standby unemployment. is that considered seasonal? still waiting for adjudication to finish...
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Caesar Grant
•Standby status is different from seasonal unemployment. You're temporarily laid off but expecting to return to the same employer. Seasonal would be if your industry regularly shuts down certain times of year.
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Philip Cowan
•ah ok that makes sense. still stuck in adjudication though, been 3 weeks now
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Lena Schultz
•Have you tried using Claimyr to get through to Washington ESD? I was stuck in adjudication for over a month until I used their service at claimyr.com. They help you actually reach an agent instead of getting the busy signal. There's a demo video at https://youtu.be/7DieNd3C7zQ that shows how it works.
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Gemma Andrews
Wait, so if I'm between jobs by choice does that count as frictional unemployment? I quit my last job because of a toxic work environment but I'm actively looking for new work.
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Kara Yoshida
•Technically yes, but for Washington ESD benefits you might face disqualification for quitting without good cause. 'Toxic work environment' can qualify as good cause but you'd need to prove it during adjudication.
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Gemma Andrews
•Oh no, I didn't realize quitting could disqualify me! What kind of proof would they want?
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Caesar Grant
•Documentation like emails, HR complaints, witness statements, medical records if stress-related. The burden of proof is on you to show you had no reasonable alternative but to quit.
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Pedro Sawyer
This is all confusing. Why does Washington ESD make everything so complicated? I just want to know if I qualify for benefits!
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Kara Yoshida
•The economic classifications aren't really used by Washington ESD for individual claims. What matters for your benefits is: were you laid off through no fault of your own, do you meet the work/wage requirements, and are you able and available for work.
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Pedro Sawyer
•OK that's clearer. I was laid off due to budget cuts so I should be fine then.
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Mae Bennett
Been dealing with Washington ESD for months now. The system is completely broken. None of these categories matter when they can't even process claims properly!
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Mateusius Townsend
•What kind of issues are you having? Maybe someone here can help.
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Mae Bennett
•Been in adjudication since November. Can't get through on the phone. Online account shows no issues but claim is still pending. It's a nightmare.
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Lena Schultz
•Seriously consider Claimyr if you need to reach someone at Washington ESD. I know it sounds too good to be true, but it actually works. Saved me weeks of calling.
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Caesar Grant
For those asking about seasonal unemployment specifically - Washington state has special provisions for certain industries like fishing, canning, and some agricultural work. These might have different job search requirements or benefit timing.
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Philip Cowan
•That's interesting. I work in landscaping which definitely has seasonal aspects. Does that affect anything?
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Caesar Grant
•It might affect your job search requirements. Washington ESD might not require you to look for work outside your normal season if you have reasonable expectation of returning to landscaping work.
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Beatrice Marshall
Can structural unemployment affect your benefit eligibility? Like if your whole industry is declining?
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Kara Yoshida
•Not for regular UI benefits. However, if your industry is permanently declining, you might be eligible for Trade Adjustment Assistance or other retraining programs through WorkSource.
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Beatrice Marshall
•Good to know. I worked in coal and that industry is basically dead in Washington now.
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Caesar Grant
•Definitely look into retraining opportunities. Washington state has several programs for workers transitioning from declining industries.
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Lena Schultz
Just wanted to follow up on the Claimyr thing I mentioned earlier. I was skeptical at first but it really does work. Got through to an actual Washington ESD agent in under 30 minutes instead of calling for days.
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Mae Bennett
•How much does it cost? I'm already broke from being unemployed.
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Lena Schultz
•I'd rather not discuss pricing publicly, but check their website. For me it was worth every penny to finally get my claim resolved.
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Philip Cowan
•might have to try this if my adjudication doesn't move soon
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Melina Haruko
Does the type of unemployment affect how long you can collect benefits?
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Kara Yoshida
•No, benefit duration is based on your work history and the state's maximum benefit period, currently 26 weeks in Washington. The type of unemployment doesn't change this.
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Melina Haruko
•That's what I thought but wanted to confirm. Thanks!
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Dallas Villalobos
I think I'm experiencing frictional unemployment but Washington ESD denied my claim. How is that possible?
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Caesar Grant
•The economic classification doesn't determine eligibility. You could be between jobs (frictional) but still be disqualified if you quit without good cause, were fired for misconduct, or don't meet work/wage requirements.
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Dallas Villalobos
•I was fired but I don't think it was for misconduct. My supervisor just said I wasn't a good fit.
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Kara Yoshida
•That might not be misconduct if it was about performance rather than violating rules. You should appeal the denial and provide details about why you were terminated.
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Reina Salazar
cyclical unemployment is what most of us are dealing with right now. company layoffs everywhere
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Mateusius Townsend
•Yeah, seems like a lot of businesses are cutting staff. At least with cyclical unemployment there's hope it'll improve when the economy picks up.
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Reina Salazar
•hopefully sooner rather than later. unemployment benefits don't last forever
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Saanvi Krishnaswami
This is all academic though. Washington ESD treats everyone the same regardless of why you're unemployed. What matters is meeting their basic eligibility requirements.
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Mateusius Townsend
•True, but it's still interesting to understand the broader categories. Helps me feel less alone knowing my situation has a name.
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Saanvi Krishnaswami
•Fair point. Sometimes understanding the bigger picture helps with the stress of being unemployed.
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Demi Lagos
Structural unemployment is scary. What happens if your skills become completely obsolete?
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Caesar Grant
•That's where retraining programs come in. Washington state offers various education and skill development programs through WorkSource and community colleges.
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Demi Lagos
•Do those programs pay anything while you're training?
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Kara Yoshida
•Some do. Training benefits can extend your UI eligibility in certain approved programs. You'd need to work with WorkSource to see what you qualify for.
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Mason Lopez
been looking for work for 6 months now. is that still frictional unemployment or something else?
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Kara Yoshida
•Extended job searches can indicate structural issues - maybe skills mismatch or limited opportunities in your field. Might want to consider broadening your search or looking into retraining.
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Mason Lopez
•yeah i'm starting to think my field just doesn't have many openings anymore
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Vera Visnjic
The Washington ESD website should explain this stuff better. I had to google everything when I first filed.
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Mateusius Townsend
•Agreed! Their website is confusing. I found more helpful information in forums like this than on their official pages.
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Mae Bennett
•Their whole system is user-hostile. Makes me wonder if it's intentional to discourage claims.
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Lena Schultz
•That's another reason I appreciated Claimyr - finally got to talk to someone who could explain things clearly instead of trying to decode their website.
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Jake Sinclair
So bottom line: these four types are more for economists than for actual claimants?
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Kara Yoshida
•Exactly. For your Washington ESD claim, focus on: separation reason, work history, wage requirements, and ongoing eligibility requirements like job search and being able/available to work.
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Jake Sinclair
•Got it. Thanks for clarifying that!
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Brielle Johnson
I wish they'd just ask 'why aren't you working' instead of making us figure out all these categories
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Mateusius Townsend
•Ha! That would be much simpler. But I guess they need the detailed information for legal and statistical purposes.
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Brielle Johnson
•probably true but it's still frustrating when you just want help
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Honorah King
Thanks everyone for the explanations. This thread was really helpful for understanding the big picture even if it doesn't change my claim process.
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Mateusius Townsend
•Same here! Good to know I'm not the only one confused by all this.
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Kara Yoshida
•Glad we could help clarify. Remember, if you have specific questions about your claim, don't hesitate to contact Washington ESD directly.
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Honorah King
•Will do. Hopefully I won't need to since my claim seems to be processing normally so far.
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