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One thing nobody mentioned yet - if your brothers self-employment income is really small (like under $400 net profit) he doesn't have to pay self-employment tax on it, but still has to report the income. Saved me some $$$ when I was just starting my side gig!
Wow, that's a really helpful tip! My brother is just starting out with the freelance work, so that could apply to him. Do you know if there's any specific form he needs to fill out to claim this exemption, or does it automatically calculate in tax software?
It should calculate automatically in most tax software. You still report all income on Schedule C, but the self-employment tax (on Schedule SE) only kicks in when your net profit exceeds $400. Keep in mind though that he'll still owe regular income tax on that amount even if it's under $400, just not the additional 15.3% self-employment tax portion. Make sure he keeps good records of all business expenses to maximize deductions - every dollar of legitimate business expense reduces both income tax and potentially self-employment tax too!
Another important thing to consider is recordkeeping! For your brother's freelance work, he needs to track EVERYTHING - receipts, mileage, client payments, business equipment purchases, even home office expenses if he works from home. The IRS requires good documentation for all business deductions. I learned this the hard way when I couldn't find receipts during an audit. Now I use a simple spreadsheet or app to track expenses monthly rather than scrambling at tax time. For mixed-use expenses like his phone or internet, he'll need to calculate the business percentage based on actual usage. The key is being able to prove the business purpose if ever questioned. Also, since he has both W-2 and 1099 income, he should definitely consider making quarterly estimated tax payments for the freelance portion. The IRS expects you to pay taxes throughout the year, not just at filing time, and there can be penalties if you owe too much in April.
This is such solid advice! I'm just getting started with freelance work myself and had no idea about the quarterly payments thing. How do you calculate how much to pay each quarter? Is it just 25% of what you expect to owe, or is there a more specific formula? Also, when you mention tracking mileage - does that include driving to meet clients or just business-related errands?
Has anyone used TurboTax to file with Real Estate Professional Status? I'm not sure if it handles this situation correctly and I don't want to mess it up.
I used TurboTax last year for my REPS filing and it actually does handle it pretty well. There's a section specifically for real estate professionals where you can indicate you qualify and it will then allow you to deduct your rental losses against your other income. Just make sure you have good documentation of your hours in case of an audit!
Based on your numbers, you're unfortunately just short of qualifying for Real Estate Professional Status right now. With 850 hours on real estate activities, you easily meet the 750+ hour requirement. However, the "more than half your working time" test is where you fall short - your 1,500 consulting hours plus 850 real estate hours means real estate is only about 36% of your total working time. A few potential strategies to consider: 1. Could you reduce your consulting to part-time (maybe 20-25 hours/week) while maintaining income through higher rates? 2. Are there additional real estate activities you're not tracking? Time spent researching markets, attending real estate education courses, or networking with other investors all count toward your hours. 3. Consider whether some of your current activities could be reclassified - for example, time spent learning about tax strategies for rental properties counts as real estate professional time. The good news is you're not that far off. If you could shift the balance to where real estate represents 51%+ of your working time, you'd qualify and could deduct that $18,500 loss against your consulting income. Given the potential tax savings, it might be worth running the numbers to see if reducing consulting hours could actually increase your after-tax income overall.
This is such a common mistake with teenage filers! I went through the exact same thing with my daughter two years ago. The good news is that it's totally fixable, though it requires some patience. From my experience, you have three realistic options: 1. **Wait for your son to file Form 1040X** - This is the "correct" way but takes 8-16 weeks to process. Your son would amend his return to indicate he can be claimed as a dependent. 2. **File your return without claiming him this year** - You'll get a smaller refund now, but you can file your own 1040X later to claim him once his amendment processes (adding even more waiting time). 3. **File for an extension** - Gives you until October to file, but delays your refund. Honestly, if you need the refund money soon, option 2 might be your best bet despite the hassle. You'll at least get some money now rather than waiting months for the full amount. One tip: Make sure your son understands the dependency rules for next year! The software questions can be confusing, but if he's still in high school and you're supporting him, you should be claiming him. Good luck!
This is really helpful advice! I'm curious about option 2 - if the parent files without claiming the dependent and then later files an amended return, does that create any red flags with the IRS? Like, do they question why you're suddenly claiming a dependent you didn't claim initially? And roughly how much longer would that second amendment process take compared to just waiting for the son's amendment?
@a5145bbeed6a Great question about the red flags! In my experience (went through this exact scenario), the IRS doesn't typically flag amended returns that add dependents as long as you include a clear explanation on Form 1040X. I wrote something like "Adding dependent son who was incorrectly claimed on his own return - dependency conflict resolved via his amended return." As for timing, both amendment processes take roughly the same amount of time (8-16 weeks each), but if you go with option 2, you're essentially doing two amendments sequentially rather than just waiting for one. So it could potentially take longer overall, but you get partial relief (your regular refund minus the dependent benefits) much sooner. The key is making sure your son's amendment is processed BEFORE you file yours claiming him, otherwise you'll recreate the same dependency conflict that caused this mess in the first place!
I just went through this exact situation last month! My 16-year-old made the same mistake with his first W-2 job. Here's what I learned from calling the IRS directly: The fastest resolution is actually to have your son file Form 1040X (amended return) to correct his filing status. While everyone says it takes 8-16 weeks, mine was processed in about 6 weeks. The key is to clearly write in the explanation section: "Correcting dependency status - should be claimed as dependent by parent." In the meantime, you can go ahead and e-file your return claiming him. The IRS systems will initially reject it, but once your son's amendment processes, you can resubmit your return. This avoids you having to file your own amendment later. Pro tip: Include a cover letter with your son's 1040X explaining the situation. The IRS agent told me this helps speed up processing because it's immediately clear what the issue is rather than them having to figure it out. Don't stress too much - this happens constantly with teenage filers. The IRS sees these dependency mix-ups all the time and they have a pretty streamlined process for fixing them!
One mistake I see a lot - make sure your properties actually qualify as short-term rentals for tax purposes. Its not just about being on Airbnb. The average stay needs to be less than 7 days, and you need to be providing substantial services (similar to hotels). Also remember that material participation for each property is determined separately unless you make a grouping election. If your spending 600 hours combined across all properties, but only 150 on one of them, that specific property might not qualify as active without proper grouping.
Great question about the 7-day average and substantial services! The IRS looks at several factors to determine if you're providing "substantial services" similar to a hotel: - Daily housekeeping or frequent cleaning (you've got this covered) - Providing linens, towels, and toiletries (check) - Concierge-type services like local recommendations, booking activities - Maintenance and repair services - Guest communication and problem resolution Based on what you mentioned (linens, toiletries, coffee, cleaning between guests), you're likely meeting the substantial services test. The key is that these services are provided for the convenience of the occupant, not just basic property maintenance. For the material participation piece that Laura mentioned - you're absolutely right about the grouping election. With 600-700 total hours across multiple properties, Ethan should definitely consider making an election to group his rental activities together. This allows him to meet the material participation test for the entire grouped activity rather than each property individually. The election needs to be made by filing a statement with your tax return, and once made, it's generally binding for future years unless there's a material change in circumstances.
This is really helpful clarification on the substantial services test! I'm new to short-term rental investing and was worried I might not be doing enough to qualify for the business classification. One quick follow-up question - when you mention making the grouping election, is this something that needs to be done proactively on the first year's return, or can you make this election retroactively if you realize later that it would be beneficial? I'm planning to add more properties to my portfolio over the next couple years and want to make sure I handle this correctly from the start. Also, does anyone know if there are specific IRS forms or language that needs to be used for the grouping election statement?
Mohammed Khan
As someone who's been getting Robinhood 1099s for years now, my advice: look at page 1 or 2 for the summary section. It should have totals for short-term gains/losses, long-term gains/losses, dividends, and interest. Those are the big numbers that affect your taxes. Don't get lost in the transaction details unless you need to verify something specific.
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Madison Allen
β’Thanks for this! I found the summary page and it looks like I have about $2,300 in short-term capital gains and $340 in dividends. So I'm guessing I'll owe taxes on that $2,640 based on my tax bracket? Does that sound right?
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Mohammed Khan
β’Yes, that's the right approach. You'll pay taxes on those amounts based on your tax bracket. The short-term gains ($2,300) will be taxed at your ordinary income rate, same as your paycheck. The dividends might be qualified dividends (check if they are) which would be taxed at the lower long-term capital gains rate. So if you're in, say, the 22% tax bracket, you might owe around $506 for the short-term gains and perhaps $51 for the dividends (assuming 15% qualified dividend rate), totaling around $557. This is a rough estimate though - your actual situation might have more factors involved.
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Zara Shah
One thing I learned the hard way with my first Robinhood 1099 - make sure to check if you have any state tax implications too! Some states don't tax capital gains at all, while others tax them as regular income. Also, if you made estimated tax payments during the year, don't forget to account for those when calculating what you might still owe. The federal tax estimate is just part of the picture. I ended up owing way less than I thought because I had forgotten about the quarterly payments I made through my business. Good luck with your first investment tax filing - it gets easier once you understand the format!
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