One thing that might help clarify the SEP IRA vs Solo 401k question - you can actually convert your existing SEP IRA to a Solo 401k if your Solo 401k plan allows for rollovers. This could be beneficial since you'd get the employee contribution option ($22,500) that you don't have with the SEP IRA. However, be careful about the timing if you've already made SEP IRA contributions for this tax year. You can't make employer contributions to both plans for the same tax year from the same business, even if you do a rollover partway through. Also worth noting - with your S Corp structure and $145k salary, your total contribution space to a Solo 401k would be around $58,750 ($22,500 employee + ~$36,250 employer at 25% of compensation). This might actually be less than the $66k you were planning for the SEP IRA, so run the numbers carefully before switching.

One additional consideration that hasn't been mentioned - if you're planning to hire employees in the future (beyond just your wife), a SEP IRA requires you to contribute equally for all eligible employees as a percentage of their compensation. With a Solo 401k, you lose eligibility once you have employees who aren't your spouse. Given your business growth trajectory ($850k-$1.2M revenue), you might want to think about whether you'll need to hire W-2 employees down the road. If so, you might want to consider other options like a traditional 401k plan that can accommodate employees, or carefully structure any future hires as contractors rather than employees. Also, make sure you're considering state tax implications. Some states don't follow federal rules exactly for retirement plan deductions, so the optimal choice might vary depending on where your S Corp is based. The timing issue others mentioned is crucial - if you're already late in 2023, the SEP IRA's flexibility to be established until your filing deadline might outweigh the Solo 401k's higher contribution potential, especially if you can't increase your salary before year-end.

Don't forget about state tax incentives too! I'm in California and we have additional state incentives for energy efficient upgrades beyond the federal credits. Many states have their own programs that stack with federal benefits. Check your state's tax website or energy department for local incentives.

Just wanted to add some perspective on the 401k loan vs HELOC decision since I went through this exact choice last year. While the HELOC interest deduction is appealing, don't forget that 401k loans have some hidden advantages too. With a 401k loan, you're essentially paying interest to yourself since it goes back into your account. The interest rates are typically lower than HELOCs (mine was 4.25% vs 6.8% for the HELOC), and there's no credit check or lengthy approval process. You can usually get the money within a week. However, the big risk is if you lose your job - you typically have to repay the entire loan within 60-90 days or it becomes a taxable distribution with penalties. Given your $210K balance, a $50K-60K loan would be manageable and keep you well under the typical 50% limit. For your situation, maybe consider a hybrid approach: use a 401k loan for the immediate work that qualifies for tax credits (like the solar panels), then use a HELOC for the kitchen and basement work where you can deduct the interest. This way you maximize both the tax credits AND the interest deduction benefits. Also, timing matters - if you can complete the solar installation before year-end, you can claim that 30% credit on your 2025 return, which could help offset some of the other renovation costs.

I totally get your weekend panic - been there myself! Unfortunately no IRS phone support on weekends, but here's what helped me in a similar situation: First, if your notice has a specific response deadline, don't stress too much about calling immediately. Most IRS notices give you 30+ days to respond, and you can often handle everything by mail without needing to call at all. Second, definitely check if you can access your IRS online account this weekend. Sometimes you can find transcripts or additional details about your notice that make the situation clearer. If you absolutely need to talk to someone Monday, I'd suggest calling right at 7 AM when they open - wait times are usually shortest then. Also consider that many IRS issues that seem urgent actually aren't as time-sensitive as they feel when you're stressed. What type of notice did you receive? Sometimes knowing the specific form (CP2000, CP3219, etc.) can help determine if it's truly urgent or if you have more time than you think.

Hey Daniel! I feel your weekend panic - I've been in that exact situation before where you get an IRS notice and can't sleep until it's resolved. Unfortunately, like others mentioned, the IRS phone lines are definitely closed on weekends. But here's what I'd suggest for right now while you're stressed on a Friday night: First, take a deep breath! Most IRS notices aren't as scary as they seem at first glance, and you almost certainly have more time than you think to respond properly. If you haven't already, try setting up that IRS online account tonight - you might be able to see your tax transcripts and get a better understanding of what's going on. Sometimes just having more information helps reduce the panic. Also, what type of notice did you get? The notice code (like CP2000, CP14, etc.) is usually at the top right. That can help determine how urgent it really is. Many people think they need to call immediately, but often you can respond by mail with the right documentation, which might actually be better than calling anyway since you'll have everything in writing. Hang in there - Monday will come soon enough, and this will get sorted out!

You're asking the right questions, but I think you're missing some nuanced benefits. Yes, single-member LLCs have weaker liability protection than multi-member ones, but they're not completely useless. The key is understanding what they DO protect against. An LLC can shield you from business debts and contractual obligations. If your business defaults on a loan or can't pay suppliers, creditors generally can't go after your personal house, car, or savings. Where it gets murky is with personal liability - if YOU personally cause harm (malpractice, negligence, etc.), the LLC won't protect you. The tax "disregarded entity" status is actually a feature, not a bug, for many small businesses. It simplifies your taxes while keeping the door open for future elections. Once you hit around $60K+ in profit, you can elect S-Corp status and potentially save thousands in self-employment taxes. The real scam isn't LLCs themselves - it's the cottage industry of services that charge $500+ to file $50 worth of paperwork. Most states let you file directly online for under $200. The ongoing costs (annual reports, etc.) are usually minimal too. Bottom line: LLCs aren't magic bullets, but they're useful tools when set up properly and used as part of a broader business strategy.

As someone who's been through this exact decision process, I think the real issue is that LLCs are often presented as either "essential" or "worthless" when the truth is much more nuanced. You're absolutely right that the liability protection for single-member LLCs is weaker than many people realize. Courts are more willing to pierce the corporate veil when there's only one owner, especially if you haven't maintained strict formalities. But "weaker" doesn't mean "nonexistent." The key insight I wish someone had told me earlier is that LLCs protect you from different types of risks in different ways. They're much better at protecting against business debts and contractual liabilities than they are at protecting against personal torts or professional malpractice claims. Here's what changed my perspective: I realized I was thinking about it backwards. Instead of asking "Is an LLC worth it?" I started asking "What are my specific risks, and how does each business structure address them?" For my consulting business, the main risks were client payment disputes and potential contract breaches - areas where an LLC actually does provide meaningful protection. The tax situation is actually more flexible than it initially appears. Yes, you start as a disregarded entity, but that keeps your options open. As your business grows, you can elect different tax treatments without having to restructure entirely. My recommendation: Don't form an LLC just because everyone says you should, but don't dismiss it just because the protection isn't perfect. Analyze your specific situation, risks, and long-term plans first.

Has anyone used TurboTax for reporting the sale of inherited property through a life estate? Does it handle this scenario well or should I find an actual accountant for this?

One thing I'd strongly recommend is getting a professional appraisal for the property's value as of your mother's death date in 2021 if you don't already have one. This will establish your stepped-up basis and could save you thousands in taxes. Also, regarding the sibling distribution - consider having them sign a written agreement acknowledging that you're responsible for all taxes on the sale. This protects you legally and makes it clear that any gifts to them are after-tax dollars. You might also want to consult with a tax professional before the sale rather than after, especially since you're looking at a $475k transaction. The peace of mind is worth the consultation fee! Don't forget to keep all your documentation organized - the life estate documents, any appraisals, closing statements, and records of improvements made to the property. The IRS loves paper trails for inherited property sales.