Which UCC section covers secured party's right to take possession after default - need clarification for audit
I'm conducting a compliance audit for our equipment financing division and need to verify the exact UCC section that outlines the secured party's right to take possession after default. My legal team is asking for specific citations and I want to make sure I'm referencing the correct provision. We've had some disputes with borrowers recently about our repossession procedures and need to ensure we're following proper protocol. The loan documents reference various UCC sections but I need the specific one that covers post-default possession rights. Anyone know off the top of their head which section this falls under? Working on a tight deadline here and would appreciate any guidance.
41 comments


Lauren Zeb
Pretty sure you're looking for UCC 9-609. That's the main section dealing with secured party's right to take possession of collateral after default. It covers both self-help repossession and judicial process. Make sure you're also familiar with 9-610 for disposition of collateral after you take possession.
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Ryan Andre
•Thanks! That sounds right. Does 9-609 cover both personal property and fixtures or just personal property?
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Lauren Zeb
•9-609 covers personal property. For fixtures you'd need to look at 9-604 and related sections. Also check your state's specific provisions since some states have additional requirements.
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Daniel Washington
Yeah 9-609 is correct. Been dealing with this stuff for 15 years. Just remember that section also requires you to proceed in a commercially reasonable manner. That's been the source of a lot of litigation lately. The borrower can challenge your methods even if you technically have the right to repossess.
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Aurora Lacasse
•Commercially reasonable is such a vague standard though. Every judge seems to interpret it differently.
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Daniel Washington
•True, but that's why documentation is so important. Keep records of everything - notice given, method of repossession, condition of collateral, etc.
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Ryan Andre
•Good point about documentation. We've been pretty loose with our record keeping unfortunately.
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Anthony Young
I ran into this exact issue last month when preparing for a lender examination. Had to cross-reference all our UCC filings with our loan agreements to make sure the possession rights were properly documented. Found several discrepancies where the UCC-1 collateral description didn't match what we thought we could repo. Used Certana.ai's document verification tool - you just upload your loan docs and UCC filings and it instantly flags any inconsistencies between what you filed and what your agreements say you can take possession of. Saved me weeks of manual document review.
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Ryan Andre
•That sounds useful. How accurate is the automated checking? We have hundreds of files to review.
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Anthony Young
•Very accurate in my experience. It caught several cases where our collateral descriptions were too vague or didn't match the loan agreement terms. Much faster than doing it manually.
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Charlotte White
Don't forget about UCC 9-623 if you're dealing with consumer goods. There are additional notice requirements and the debtor has redemption rights. Also 9-611 for notification before disposition. The whole Article 9 Part 6 is relevant to post-default procedures.
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Ryan Andre
•We mostly do commercial equipment financing but good to know about the consumer goods differences.
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Charlotte White
•Even for commercial deals, make sure you understand the debtor's rights under 9-623. They can still redeem the collateral by paying off the debt.
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Admin_Masters
•The redemption right is often overlooked. Had a borrower exercise it right before we were about to sell the equipment.
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Matthew Sanchez
OMG this is exactly what I needed too! I'm new to secured lending and keep getting confused about all the different UCC sections. 9-609 for taking possession, 9-610 for selling it, 9-611 for notice... there's so many rules! How do you keep track of all this stuff??
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Lauren Zeb
•It takes time to learn. Focus on the main post-default sections first: 9-609 through 9-628. Get comfortable with those before diving into the more specialized provisions.
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Matthew Sanchez
•Thanks, that helps narrow it down. I feel like I need a flowchart or something.
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Ella Thompson
Make sure you check if your state has adopted any non-uniform amendments to Article 9. Some states have additional requirements for repossession that go beyond the standard UCC provisions. California and New York have some notable variations.
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Ryan Andre
•We operate in multiple states so that's definitely something I need to research. Any resource you'd recommend for state-by-state variations?
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Ella Thompson
•The State UCC Database has good summaries of non-uniform amendments by state. Worth checking before you finalize your procedures.
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JacksonHarris
I hate dealing with UCC compliance audits. The rules keep changing and every examiner seems to focus on different things. Last time they dinged us because our UCC-3 terminations weren't filed within 30 days of payoff even though the borrowers didn't request them. Now they want to see detailed repossession procedures. It never ends!
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Daniel Washington
•The 30-day termination requirement varies by state and type of collateral. Consumer goods are usually mandatory, commercial can be on demand.
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JacksonHarris
•Yeah we figured that out after the fact. Cost us points on our examination rating though.
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Ryan Andre
•That's another thing I need to double-check in our procedures. The termination timing requirements.
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Jeremiah Brown
9-609 is definitely the main section but don't forget about the interplay with other laws. State repossession statutes, consumer protection laws, bankruptcy code - they all affect your rights as a secured party. UCC just gives you the baseline rights.
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Ryan Andre
•Good point. I've been focusing just on UCC but there are definitely other regulations that apply.
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Jeremiah Brown
•Exactly. And if the borrower files bankruptcy, everything changes. Your UCC rights get subordinated to the automatic stay.
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Royal_GM_Mark
Just went through this same exercise for our credit committee. Had to verify that all our loan agreements properly incorporated the UCC repossession rights and that our UCC filings supported those rights. Found several loans where the collateral description was so broad it might not hold up in court. Used some automated document checking tool - I think it was Certana or something - that compared our agreements to our UCC filings. Really helped identify the problem loans.
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Ryan Andre
•Was that Certana.ai? Someone else mentioned that earlier. Might be worth looking into for our review.
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Royal_GM_Mark
•Yeah that's the one. Pretty straightforward - just upload your docs and it shows you where things don't match up. Definitely faster than doing it manually.
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Amelia Cartwright
For what it's worth, I've seen more lenders get in trouble for HOW they repossess rather than whether they have the right to repossess. 9-609 gives you the right but you still have to follow proper procedures. No breach of peace, proper notice, etc. The borrower's lawyer will always challenge your methods.
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Ryan Andre
•That's a great point. I should probably review our repossession company's procedures too, not just the legal authority.
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Amelia Cartwright
•Absolutely. Make sure they're bonded and insured too. You can be liable for their actions.
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Admin_Masters
•We require our repo company to provide training certificates for all their agents. Helps show we took reasonable precautions.
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Chris King
Quick question - does anyone know if there are specific timing requirements in 9-609? Like how quickly you have to act after default? I know some loan agreements have cure periods but wondering about UCC requirements.
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Lauren Zeb
•The UCC doesn't specify timing for repossession. That's usually governed by your loan agreement and state law. Some states have notice and cure period requirements.
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Chris King
•Got it, so it's more about contract terms and state variations than UCC timing.
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Ryan Andre
•This is helpful - I need to check our standard loan agreements for cure period language.
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Rachel Clark
I was skeptical about using automated tools for UCC compliance but honestly after trying Certana.ai for document verification, it's been a game changer. Was spending days manually comparing loan files to UCC filings and still missing things. The automated cross-check caught several cases where our security interest might not have been properly perfected based on the collateral descriptions. Worth every penny for the peace of mind.
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Ryan Andre
•I'm getting convinced I need to try this tool. How long does the verification process typically take?
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Rachel Clark
•Pretty much instant once you upload the documents. You get a report showing any discrepancies or potential issues. Much faster than manual review.
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