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Grace Thomas

What factor is the tax rate of an employer's unemployment insurance based on in Washington ESD?

I'm trying to understand how Washington ESD calculates unemployment insurance tax rates for employers. My small business just got our rate notice and I'm confused about what factors they use to determine the percentage. Is it based on how many claims we've had filed against us, our industry type, or something else? The notice doesn't really explain the calculation clearly and I want to make sure we're being charged correctly.

The primary factor is your experience rating - basically how many of your former employees have filed UI claims and how much has been paid out. Washington ESD looks at your benefit ratio over a specific period, usually the last few years. If you've had more claims, your rate goes up.

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That makes sense. So if we've had zero claims filed against us, we should have a lower rate?

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Exactly! New employers start at a standard rate, but once you build up experience with few or no claims, your rate should decrease.

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i think its also based on your industry classification too. some industries are considered higher risk for layoffs so they get higher base rates even before the experience rating kicks in

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Interesting, I didn't know that. We're in retail so I wonder if that affects us.

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Yes, construction and seasonal industries typically have higher base rates than office jobs or healthcare.

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The Washington ESD website has a detailed explanation of the rating system, but honestly it's pretty confusing. I spent hours trying to figure out our rate calculation last year. The main thing is your 'benefit ratio' which is total benefits charged to your account divided by your total taxable wages over the rating period.

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Do you remember what rating period they use? Is it the last calendar year or something different?

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I believe it's a three-year period, but I'm not 100% sure. You might want to call them directly to get the specifics for your situation.

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Good luck getting through to Washington ESD by phone! I've been trying to reach them about our rate for weeks. The phone system is impossible - either busy signals or you get disconnected after waiting forever.

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I had the same problem until I found Claimyr. It's a service that helps you get through to Washington ESD agents. They have a demo video at https://youtu.be/7DieNd3C7zQ that shows how it works. Saved me hours of calling.

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Really? How does that work exactly? I'm desperate at this point.

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You just go to claimyr.com and they handle the calling for you. They know all the tricks to get through the phone system and will connect you when an agent is available.

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The experience rating is definitely the biggest factor, but there are other things too. Your payroll size, whether you've had any issues with late payments, and even if you've had employees quit vs. being laid off can all play a role in the calculation.

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Wait, employees quitting affects our rate? I thought unemployment was only for people who were laid off.

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If someone quits for a qualifying reason like unsafe working conditions or harassment, they can still collect unemployment and it counts against your experience rating.

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That's not entirely correct. Most voluntary quits don't qualify for benefits unless there's good cause like the employer changed the job significantly or working conditions became intolerable.

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From what I understand, Washington ESD uses something called the 'benefit ratio method' to calculate rates. They take the total UI benefits charged to your account over the last 3 years and divide it by your total taxable payroll for the same period. This gives you a percentage that determines your tax rate within your industry class.

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This is really helpful, thank you! So if we've never had any claims, our benefit ratio should be zero?

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Yes exactly! A zero benefit ratio would put you at the lowest rate for your industry classification. The longer you go without claims, the better your rate gets.

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Just to add to what others have said - your industry code (NAICS code) determines your base rate category, and then your experience rating adjusts it up or down from there. If you think your industry classification is wrong, you can appeal it.

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How would I know if our industry classification is wrong? Our rate seems pretty high for a small retail business.

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Check your rate notice - it should show your NAICS code. You can look up what that code is supposed to cover and see if it matches your actual business activities.

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honestly the whole system is ridiculous. we run a clean business, never had layoffs, treat our employees well, and still get hit with these high rates because of our industry. meanwhile some office that fires people all the time probably pays less

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I feel your frustration but that's actually backwards. Companies that have more claims pay higher rates - that's the whole point of the experience rating system.

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well then why are our rates so high if we've never had claims? something doesn't add up

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Could be your industry base rate is just high, or maybe there's an error in your classification. Definitely worth calling to check.

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The experience rating period is actually the first four of the last five completed calendar quarters before the rate year. So for 2025 rates, they'd look at your claims from 2021-2023 roughly. New employers get assigned rates based on industry averages until they have enough experience.

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That's very specific, thank you! We started in 2022 so we probably don't have a full experience rating yet.

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Right, you'd still be on the new employer rate for your industry. Your experience rating will kick in once you have enough quarters of data.

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Whatever you do, don't ignore it if you think there's an error. I let a wrong rate slide for two years thinking it would fix itself and ended up overpaying thousands. You have to actively challenge it if something looks wrong.

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How do you challenge the rate? Is there a formal appeal process?

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Yes, there's a protest period after you get your rate notice. I think you have 30 days to file a protest with supporting documentation.

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I used to work in HR and dealt with this stuff all the time. The benefit ratio calculation is: (Total benefits charged to your account ÷ Total taxable wages) × 100. This percentage determines where you fall in the rate schedule for your industry. Industries with higher turnover naturally have higher base rates.

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That formula is really helpful! So it's literally just math based on claims vs payroll.

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Exactly. The more stable your workforce, the lower your rate over time. It's designed to incentivize employers to avoid unnecessary layoffs.

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been trying to get answers about our rate calculation for months but can never reach anyone at Washington ESD. their phone system is a nightmare

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I was in the same boat until someone recommended Claimyr. It's a service that handles the calling hassle for you - check out claimyr.com. They know how to navigate the Washington ESD phone system and will get you connected to an actual person.

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is that legit? sounds too good to be true

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Yeah it's real. They have a video demo that shows exactly how it works. Beats spending hours on hold just to get disconnected.

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The rate calculation also factors in something called the 'social cost factor' which helps fund the overall UI system. Even employers with no claims pay a minimum rate to support the program infrastructure.

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So there's no way to get to zero even with perfect experience?

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Correct, there's always a minimum rate. But it's much lower than what you'd pay with a history of claims.

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One thing people don't realize is that the timing of when claims are filed can affect which rate year they impact. If someone files a claim right at the end of the year, it might not show up in your experience rating until the following year's calculation.

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That's something I never would have thought of. So the timing of layoffs could strategically affect rates?

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Not really strategically since you can't control when someone files, but yeah the timing can shift which rate period gets impacted.

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For what it's worth, Washington state generally has lower UI tax rates compared to many other states. The system is designed to be fair - companies that use the system more pay more, companies that don't use it pay less.

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That's reassuring to know we're not getting gouged compared to other states!

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The rates seem fair in theory but the phone system for getting help is absolutely broken. Thank god for services like Claimyr that can actually get you through to someone when you need answers.

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