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Something critical that hasn't been mentioned yet is the concept of "tax residency" vs just physical presence or visa status. The US-Canada tax treaty has specific provisions that might apply to your situation as a Canadian citizen. Even if you meet the substantial presence test, you might be able to claim closer connection to Canada under the treaty's "tie-breaker rules" if you maintain significant ties there. However, claiming treaty benefits requires filing Form 8833, which actually puts you on the IRS radar rather than hiding from it. And if you're trading US securities while physically present in the US, that income may still be considered US-sourced regardless of treaty provisions. The offshore entity adds another layer of complexity because of anti-avoidance rules like CFC (Controlled Foreign Corporation) regulations. If you control the entity, the IRS may look through it and tax you directly.
Can you clarify how the tie-breaker rules work? I'm a Canadian citizen on TN status but have been in the US for 4 years. I was told I can't claim treaty benefits anymore because I'm clearly a US resident for tax purposes now.
Tie-breaker rules look at factors like where you have a permanent home, center of vital interests (closer personal/economic ties), habitual abode, and nationality. After 4 years in the US on a TN, it's difficult (but not impossible) to claim closer connection to Canada. You would need to demonstrate stronger ties to Canada than the US - permanent home there, family, bank accounts, voting, etc. The longer you stay in the US, the harder this becomes. Most tax professionals advise that after 3-4 years, you're likely a US tax resident unless you've deliberately maintained stronger Canadian connections. Filing Form 8833 to claim treaty benefits doesn't guarantee approval - it just asserts your position.
Everyone's missing a crucial point here. The INTENTION behind your structure matters legally. If the IRS determines the primary purpose of your offshore structure is tax avoidance rather than legitimate business purposes, you could face serious consequences beyond just taxes. I'm not an expert, but I've seen cases where people were hit with civil penalties and even criminal charges under various anti-money laundering and tax evasion statutes. The IRS and FinCEN don't look kindly on structures designed primarily to hide income. If you're trading US markets while physically present in the US, using an offshore entity primarily for tax benefits is exactly the kind of arrangement that gets flagged. The "economic substance doctrine" means the IRS can disregard arrangements that don't have legitimate business purpose beyond tax savings.
This is a really important point. My friend went down this road with a Cayman Islands setup for his trading business. Ended up with a full IRS audit, massive penalties, and had to pay all back taxes plus interest. The IRS agent specifically cited the lack of economic substance to the arrangement as the primary issue. Not worth the risk.
One important thing nobody mentioned - if your brother already filed using HOH status for your mom AND another dependent, and now needs to add Form 2120, he should double check if he still meets the support test requirements. For Form 2120, no single person can provide more than 50% of support. You said you provide 40% and he provides 35%. That sounds fine, but make sure the numbers are accurate because if either of you accidentally provided more than 50%, the multiple support agreement doesn't apply.
That's a really good point I hadn't considered. We calculated our support percentages based on total expenses for Mom, including housing, medical, food, utilities, etc. I'm pretty confident in our numbers (40% me, 35% brother, 25% her pension), but I'll double-check to make sure we didn't miss anything that might push either of us over 50%. Would this affect my ability to claim HOH?
As long as neither of you provides more than 50% of support, you're good for the Form 2120 multiple support agreement. Regarding your HOH status, that's separate from the support test. For HOH, you need to have paid more than half the cost of keeping up your home where your mother lived for more than half the year. This "keeping up a home" test is different from the support test. It only includes expenses for the home itself (rent/mortgage, utilities, repairs, property taxes, food eaten in the home, etc.). If you paid more than half of these specific home expenses, and your mother lived with you for 8 months, you should qualify for HOH even while your brother claims her as a dependent with Form 2120.
My tax software gave me an error when I tried to do something similar with my cousin. Said I couldn't claim HOH if I wasn't claiming any dependents. Which tax software are you using?
Have you looked into whether your employer offers a Section 125 Cafeteria Plan? Some employers allow domestic partners to be covered pre-tax through these plans, which could eliminate the imputed income issue. My company started offering this last year and it saved me from the exact problem you're describing.
I haven't heard about this option. I'll definitely ask HR about it tomorrow. Do you know if there are specific requirements for a domestic partner to qualify under a Section 125 plan? Or does it vary by employer?
It does vary by employer, but generally they require proof of financial interdependence like joint bank accounts, shared lease/mortgage, or being named as beneficiaries on insurance policies. Some employers also require an affidavit that you've been in a committed relationship for a certain period (often 6-12 months). The key thing is that Section 125 plans allow employers more flexibility in defining eligible participants than standard health plans. Not all employers offer this option though, as it requires specific plan administration. Definitely worth asking about!
lol just get married already, problem solved š¤·āāļø srsly tho why deal with all this tax headache for "personal reasons" when marriage would instantly fix it and probably save you thousands?
That's a pretty insensitive comment. There are many valid reasons people choose not to get married that have nothing to do with their commitment level. Financial considerations are just one factor in that decision.
Another perspective - I'm a college student now, but I worked all through high school while being claimed as a dependent. My income never affected my parents' tax refund. The only thing that happened is I had to file my own tax return each year. The benefit was actually huge for me: I learned about taxes early, built up work experience, and even qualified for some tax credits when I started college because I had a work history. Plus now I have a good credit score because I started building credit early. Don't let tax confusion stop you from getting valuable work experience as a teen! Your future self will thank you.
That's really encouraging to hear! Did you have to do anything special on your tax return to make sure your parents could still claim you as a dependent? I'm worried about filling something out wrong and messing up my parents' taxes.
Nothing complicated at all! On your tax return (if you need to file one), there's just a checkbox that says "Someone can claim you as a dependent." You check that box, and that's it! You file your return, your parents file theirs claiming you as a dependent, and everything works out fine. The first year I filed, my dad helped me through it using TurboTax, and it was actually way easier than I expected. After that, I did it myself. When you're a dependent with a simple job, tax filing is usually very straightforward - just a few forms to fill out.
One important thing no one's mentioned - some of your income might be completely tax-free if you're 16! If you're doing babysitting, lawn mowing, pet sitting, or other household-type work directly for people (not through a company), that's considered "household employee" work. If you earn less than $2,600 from any ONE household in 2025, that employer doesn't have to withhold Social Security or Medicare taxes, and you don't have to report that income if your total earnings are below the filing threshold! So you could potentially earn quite a bit without ANY tax consequences at all, depending on the type of work.
This isn't completely accurate. You're confusing household employee rules with self-employment. If someone is babysitting or doing lawn work as an independent contractor (which most teen jobs like this are), they need to file if self-employment income exceeds $400, even if they're a dependent.
Anastasia Kozlov
I've been using a simple system that works pretty well for me. Get a 12-pocket expanding file folder from any office supply store. Label each pocket for a month. When you get receipts, just drop them in the current month's pocket. At the end of the year, rubber band that folder and put it in storage, then start fresh with a new folder. For extra organization, I use different colored highlighters on receipts - yellow for business, green for medical, blue for donations, etc. Takes just a second when you get the receipt but makes it so much easier to sort at tax time. Low tech but effective!
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Sean Flanagan
ā¢Do you write any additional info on the receipts? Sometimes I get receipts that aren't clear what they were for.
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Anastasia Kozlov
ā¢Great question! Yes, I absolutely write notes on any vague receipts right away while the purchase is still fresh in my mind. For business meals, I jot down who I met with and the business purpose. For supplies or other purchases, I note what project they were for. I also staple any relevant info together - like if I have an email approving a business expense, I'll print and staple it to the receipt. Makes it much easier to justify deductions if you're ever questioned about them.
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Zara Mirza
Has anyone tried using QBO or other accounting software for receipt tracking? I've been thinking of trying that since I already use it for other stuff.
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NebulaNinja
ā¢I use QuickBooks for my small business and the receipt capture feature is decent. You take pics in the app and it attaches them to transactions. Not perfect but integrates well if you're already in that ecosystem.
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