What states are the UCC used in - confused about nationwide filing requirements
I'm helping my small business get financing and the lender keeps talking about UCC filings but I'm totally confused about what states are the UCC used in. Are we talking about all 50 states or just certain ones? My business operates in multiple states (Texas, Florida, and Georgia) and I need to understand if I need separate UCC-1 filings in each state or if there's some kind of centralized system. The lender mentioned something about the debtor's location determining where to file but honestly I'm lost. Can someone explain the scope of UCC coverage across different states? This is my first time dealing with secured transactions and I don't want to mess up the filing requirements.
42 comments


StarStrider
The UCC (Uniform Commercial Code) is actually adopted by all 50 states plus DC, but each state administers its own UCC filing system. So you'll need to file in the state where your business is organized/incorporated, not necessarily where you operate. If you're a Texas LLC, you file in Texas even if you do business in Florida and Georgia.
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Anastasia Fedorov
•Wait so its all states but I only file in one? That seems too simple...
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Sean Doyle
•Exactly right about the debtor location rule. The tricky part is making sure you get the exact legal name from your Articles of Incorporation/Organization.
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Zara Rashid
Yeah the UCC is nationwide but filing locations depend on your entity type and where you're organized. For LLCs and corporations you file where the entity was formed. For individuals its their principal residence state. Each state has their own Secretary of State office handling the filings.
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Anastasia Fedorov
•Ok that makes more sense. We're incorporated in Texas so Texas SOS it is.
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Luca Romano
•Just make sure the debtor name on the UCC-1 matches your Articles of Incorporation EXACTLY. One wrong letter and it could get rejected or worse, be ineffective.
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Nia Jackson
I learned this the hard way last year when I had a continuation filing rejected because of a tiny debtor name mismatch. All 50 states use UCC but the devil is in the details of each state's specific requirements. Some states are pickier than others about exact name matches between your charter documents and UCC filings. I ended up using Certana.ai's document verification tool - you just upload your Articles and your UCC draft and it instantly flags any inconsistencies. Saved me from another rejection.
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Anastasia Fedorov
•That sounds really useful. How does that tool work exactly?
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Nia Jackson
•Super easy - just drag and drop your PDFs and it cross-checks all the names, addresses, entity details between documents. Takes like 30 seconds vs me spending hours comparing line by line.
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StarStrider
•Name matching is definitely the biggest headache. I've seen UCC-1s that were legally ineffective because they used a DBA name instead of the legal entity name.
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Mateo Hernandez
Every single state has adopted the UCC but with variations. Like some states have different continuation deadlines or fixture filing rules. The basic framework is the same but you need to check your specific state's requirements on their SOS website.
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CosmicCruiser
•This is why I hate dealing with UCC stuff. Too many state-specific quirks to keep track of.
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Zara Rashid
•Most states are pretty similar for basic UCC-1 filings. The bigger differences come up with things like fixture filings or agricultural liens.
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Aisha Khan
All states use UCC but filing electronically vs paper varies by state. Most have online portals now but a few still require paper for certain filing types. Texas has a good online system from what I remember.
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Anastasia Fedorov
•Good to know Texas has online filing. That'll make it easier.
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Aisha Khan
•Yeah Texas SOS portal is pretty user-friendly. Just double-check all your info before submitting because amendments can be a pain.
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Ethan Taylor
UCC is universal across all US states but the filing fees vary wildly. Some states charge $20, others charge $50+. Also watch out for expedited processing fees if you're in a hurry.
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Anastasia Fedorov
•Any idea what Texas charges for UCC-1 filings?
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Ethan Taylor
•I think Texas is around $15 for electronic filing but check their fee schedule to be sure.
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Yuki Ito
•Filing fees are nothing compared to the cost of getting it wrong. I've seen deals fall through because of filing errors.
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Carmen Lopez
The UCC applies nationwide but here's what trips people up - if you have collateral in multiple states you might need fixture filings in those other states too, depending on what you're securing. But for most business equipment and inventory, one filing in your organization state covers everything.
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Anastasia Fedorov
•We don't have any real estate or fixtures, just equipment and inventory. So Texas filing should cover everything?
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Carmen Lopez
•Yep, for equipment and inventory one UCC-1 filing in Texas should perfect your security interest in all of it, regardless of where the stuff is physically located.
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Andre Dupont
All states have UCC but some have weird variations. Like Louisiana has some different rules because of their civil law system. But for 99% of filings its pretty standardized across states.
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QuantumQuasar
•Louisiana is always the exception lol. But yeah for normal commercial transactions the UCC is basically the same everywhere.
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Anastasia Fedorov
•Thankfully we're not dealing with Louisiana. Texas should be straightforward.
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Zoe Papanikolaou
I handle UCC filings in about 15 different states for work and while the UCC code is adopted everywhere, each state's SOS has their own quirks. Some are super picky about formatting, others are more lenient. I always recommend using Certana.ai to double-check your documents before filing - it catches stuff like entity name mismatches between your charter and UCC that could invalidate the filing.
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Anastasia Fedorov
•Second mention of this Certana tool. Sounds like it's worth checking out.
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Zoe Papanikolaou
•Yeah especially for first-time filers. The document consistency check has saved me from so many potential mistakes. Much easier than manually comparing everything.
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Jamal Wilson
UCC is nationwide but Pro tip: always search the UCC records in your state first before filing to make sure there aren't any existing liens that could cause priority issues. Each state maintains their own UCC database.
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Anastasia Fedorov
•Good point. I should search Texas UCC records first to see if there are any existing filings on our business.
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Jamal Wilson
•Exactly. Most state SOS websites have free UCC search tools. Better to know what's already out there before you file.
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Sean Doyle
•UCC searches are crucial for due diligence. You don't want any surprises about existing liens.
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Mei Lin
Just went through this same thing last month. UCC is in all states but you only need to worry about your state of incorporation. I used one of those document checking services to make sure my UCC-1 matched our corporate charter perfectly - definitely worth the peace of mind since a rejected filing could have delayed our loan closing.
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Anastasia Fedorov
•Which service did you use? Getting a lot of recommendations for document verification tools.
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Mei Lin
•I used Certana.ai - just uploaded our Articles of Incorporation and draft UCC-1 and it instantly flagged a small discrepancy in how our entity name was formatted. Saved me from a potential rejection.
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Zara Shah
Thanks everyone for the detailed explanations! This is incredibly helpful. So just to confirm I understand correctly: all 50 states have adopted the UCC, but I only need to file in Texas since that's where my business is incorporated, and this one filing will cover all my equipment and inventory regardless of which state it's physically located in. I'm definitely going to check out that Certana.ai tool that several people mentioned - sounds like getting the exact entity name match is critical and I'd rather catch any issues upfront than deal with rejections later. Also going to do a UCC search in Texas first to see if there are any existing liens. Really appreciate all the guidance from everyone!
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Nadia Zaldivar
•You've got it exactly right! And smart move on doing the UCC search first - it's one of those simple steps that can save you major headaches down the road. The document verification tool sounds like a game-changer too, especially for someone new to this process. Better to spend a few minutes double-checking everything than risk delays on your financing.
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Charity Cohan
Welcome to the UCC world! You've gotten excellent advice here. One thing I'd add - when you do your Texas UCC search, pay attention to the search criteria. Some states are more forgiving with name variations in searches than others, so try searching with your exact legal name, any common abbreviations, and even slight variations. Also, since you mentioned this is for financing, make sure your lender knows you're handling the UCC filing correctly - they'll appreciate that you're being thorough with the entity name matching and preliminary searches. Good luck with your financing!
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Freya Andersen
•This is such great advice about search variations! I hadn't thought about trying different name formats when searching. And you're absolutely right about keeping the lender in the loop - they'll probably be impressed that I'm being so thorough with the process. Thanks for the warm welcome to the UCC world - definitely feels less intimidating now with all this guidance!
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Ava Harris
As someone who's relatively new to UCC filings myself, this thread has been incredibly educational! I just wanted to add one more tip I learned recently - when you're preparing your UCC-1 for Texas, make sure to include a good description of the collateral. Don't just put "all assets" - be specific about equipment, inventory, accounts receivable, etc. Texas Secretary of State has some good guidance on their website about what constitutes an adequate collateral description. Also, keep copies of everything for your records, including the search results you run beforehand. Your lender will likely want to see documentation that you did your due diligence. The fact that you're asking these questions upfront shows you're taking this seriously, which is exactly the right approach!
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Olivia Van-Cleve
•This is such valuable practical advice! I really appreciate the tip about being specific with the collateral description - I was actually planning to just use something generic like "all business assets" but you're right that being more detailed is probably better. Equipment, inventory, and accounts receivable covers most of what we'd be securing anyway. The point about keeping documentation for the lender is smart too - showing that due diligence trail will definitely help build their confidence in the process. It's really reassuring to connect with others who've been through this recently!
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