Will I owe taxes on rent money my roommate sends through Cash App with the new $600 reporting law?

But what if Cash App doesn't know it's just rent money? Couldn't the IRS think I'm hiding income and come after me? And how exactly do you "subtract" money on a tax form?

The IRS understands that not all money received through payment apps is taxable income. If you receive a 1099-K, you'll report the total amount on Schedule 1, then deduct the non-taxable portions (like these rent payments) as "adjustments." This effectively cancels out the amounts that aren't truly income. For documentation, keep monthly records showing the rent payments from your sister, along with your payments to the landlord for the full amount. Screenshots of the Cash App transfers labeled as "rent" are helpful, as are any lease agreements showing both of you as tenants. The key is demonstrating this money was simply passing through, not income you earned.

Does it work with all payment apps or just Cash App? I use Venmo with my roommates and am worried about the same issue.

That sounds too good to be true. How does it know which payments are actually business vs personal? Couldn't anyone just claim all their transactions were "just passing through" to avoid taxes?

It works with all the major payment apps - Cash App, Venmo, PayPal, Zelle, etc. You can connect any of them or upload statements from all of them into one report. The system uses both the transaction descriptions and patterns to identify which payments are personal vs business. You can also add context to each transaction. They don't just take your word for it - the system looks for supporting documentation like consistent monthly payments of the same amount (typical for rent), matching outgoing payments to landlords, and transaction notes. They're pretty thorough about verifying what's personal reimbursement versus actual income to prevent exactly the kind of tax avoidance you're worried about.

Wait how does this even work? How can they get you through faster than just calling yourself?

Sounds like a scam. Why would the IRS answer calls from some random service faster than from taxpayers directly? Plus, giving your tax info to a third party seems super risky.

They don't get you through faster than regular callers - they just do the waiting for you. When you call the IRS yourself, you might spend hours on hold. Claimyr uses an automated system that waits in the hold queue and then calls you once they've reached an agent. They don't actually access any of your tax info. They just get the IRS on the phone and then connect you directly. It's like having someone physically sit on hold with the phone for you, but it's an automated system. I was skeptical too, but after I wasted over 5 hours across multiple days trying to get through myself, this worked first try. They don't talk to the IRS for you or access your information - they just navigate the menu, wait on hold, then connect you directly once an agent answers.

Does this apply to Venmo too? I have a "business profile" on there because I occasionally sell stuff, but also use it for rent with roommates.

Yes, this absolutely applies to Venmo as well. If you have a business profile, ALL payments you receive might be reported on a 1099-K, including personal ones like rent from roommates. I'd recommend keeping separate accounts - one business profile for selling stuff, and a personal account for roommate expenses. If that's not feasible, make sure all personal transactions are clearly labeled (like "July Rent" or "Utilities Reimbursement"). Save screenshots of these transactions monthly, and keep records showing the matching outgoing payments to your landlord. The clearer you can make the paper trail showing the money just passed through, the easier it'll be to explain if questioned.

This is correct - Zelle doesn't issue 1099-Ks because they're considered bank-to-bank transfers rather than a payment processor. But keep in mind the IRS could still question large or suspicious patterns of deposits regardless of whether you get a 1099-K.

This is really helpful advice! I'm actually in a similar situation but with three roommates all sending me money through different apps (Cash App, Venmo, PayPal). The monthly amounts vary since we split utilities based on usage, but rent is always the same split. Quick question - when you say "Other adjustments" on Schedule 1, is that something any tax software can handle or do you need to work with a professional? I usually do my own taxes through TurboTax but this 1099-K situation has me worried I'll mess something up. Also, did you ever get any follow-up questions from the IRS about those adjustments, or did the documentation you kept make it a non-issue?

Most major tax software like TurboTax can handle this, but you might need to use the "Forms" section rather than the guided interview to access Schedule 1 directly. Look for "Other Income" and then "Other Adjustments to Income" - that's where you'd subtract the non-taxable reimbursements. That said, with multiple roommates using different apps, you might want to consider a tax professional for the first year just to make sure you get it right. They can show you exactly how to document everything and handle the 1099-Ks properly. Once you see how it's done, you can probably manage it yourself in future years. The IRS never followed up on mine because the documentation was solid. Having everything organized monthly (transaction screenshots, bank records, lease agreement) makes it pretty clear these are legitimate cost-sharing arrangements rather than unreported income. The key is being able to show the money went right back out to pay the actual expenses.

Most tax software including TurboTax can handle this situation, though it might not be immediately obvious where to enter it. Look for sections like "Other Income" or "Income Adjustments" when you're entering your 1099-K information. TurboTax usually has a workflow that asks about the nature of payments received, and you can specify that portions were personal reimbursements. That said, if you're dealing with multiple payment apps and varying amounts for utilities, you might want to consider a professional for at least this first year to make sure everything's documented correctly. The cost of a tax preparer could be worth it for peace of mind, especially since the rules around payment app reporting are still relatively new. I never got any follow-up questions from the IRS, but I think that's because the documentation was so clear-cut - consistent rent amounts, matching outgoing payments, and clear transaction descriptions. The key is making it obvious that you're just the "middle person" collecting and forwarding money, not actually earning income. For your utilities situation, I'd recommend keeping a simple monthly log showing what each roommate paid you and then your total payments to utility companies. Screenshots of the varying amounts with descriptions like "Electric bill - Sean's portion" will help show these are also reimbursements, not income.

Most tax software like TurboTax can handle this - you'll find "Other adjustments" in the deductions/adjustments section when reporting your 1099-K income. The key is keeping detailed records like Connor mentioned. For multiple roommates using different apps, I'd suggest creating a simple monthly spreadsheet tracking each person's payment, which app they used, and the total you paid to landlord/utilities. Screenshots are still your best friend for documentation. The IRS never followed up on mine either - having clear documentation showing the money flow (roommate payments in → full bills paid out) makes it obvious these are reimbursements, not income. The consistency of amounts and timing helps establish the pattern too. One thing to watch with varying utility splits - make sure you're documenting the actual bills and how the amounts were calculated so you can show the reimbursements match actual shared expenses.

Great question about the tax software! Most major tax software like TurboTax, H&R Block, and FreeTaxUSA can handle this situation. When you enter your 1099-K, there's usually a section that asks about "non-taxable amounts" or lets you explain what portions shouldn't be counted as income. You'll typically find this under "adjustments to income" or when the software asks if all the 1099-K amount represents taxable income. The key is being able to clearly explain and document that these were personal reimbursements. Keep detailed records showing the pattern - same amounts monthly for rent, varying amounts that correspond to actual utility bills, etc. I never got any follow-up questions from the IRS, but I think that's because the documentation was straightforward. Having multiple roommates actually might make your case stronger since it shows a clear cost-sharing arrangement rather than any kind of business activity. Just make sure each person uses consistent, clear descriptions in their payments like "March rent - Sean's portion" or "Electric bill reimbursement." If you're nervous about doing it yourself, many tax preparers are now very familiar with these payment app 1099-K issues since they became so common. But the software should be able to handle it if you have good records.

Most major tax software including TurboTax can handle the 1099-K reporting and adjustments - you don't necessarily need a professional. In TurboTax, when you enter the 1099-K, it'll ask you to categorize the income types. You can mark the roommate portions as "personal" or "non-taxable reimbursements" and it handles the Schedule 1 reporting automatically. That said, with multiple roommates using different apps, you might want to consider using something like taxr.ai (mentioned earlier in this thread) to organize all your transactions first. Having everything categorized and documented upfront makes the tax software process much smoother. I never got any follow-up from the IRS - the key was having consistent documentation showing the money flow. Since you have varying utility amounts, I'd recommend keeping a simple monthly spreadsheet showing: total bills → each roommate's share → money received → full payment to vendors. Screenshots are great, but a clean summary spreadsheet really helps if you ever need to explain the transactions to the IRS.

Most major tax software including TurboTax can handle this situation, though it might not be immediately obvious where to enter it. In TurboTax, you'd report the 1099-K under "Other Income" and then look for sections about "Income that shouldn't be taxed" or "Other adjustments" to offset the roommate portions. That said, if you're dealing with multiple apps and varying utility amounts, it might be worth consulting a tax pro at least once to make sure you're handling it correctly. They can show you exactly which forms and line items to use, and you'll have that knowledge for future years. As for IRS follow-up - I never heard anything back, but I think that's because the documentation made it crystal clear. With multiple roommates and apps, I'd especially recommend keeping detailed records. Maybe create a simple monthly summary showing: Total received from roommates ($X from Cash App + $Y from Venmo + $Z from PayPal = Total), then your single payment to landlord/utilities. The pattern of money-in equaling money-out makes it obvious you're not profiting.

Good question about the tax software! Most major tax programs like TurboTax, H&R Block, and FreeTaxUSA can handle this situation. When you get to the 1099-K section, the software will ask if any of the reported income was non-taxable (like personal reimbursements). You'll enter the total 1099-K amount, then subtract the roommate payments as "personal/family reimbursements." The key is having good documentation ready - keep those transaction screenshots organized by month and make sure the descriptions clearly show "rent" or "utilities reimbursement." I never got any follow-up questions from the IRS, but I think that's because the paper trail was so clear. Three different apps might actually work in your favor since it shows this is just normal roommate cost-splitting across different platforms rather than any kind of business activity. Just make sure you're consistent with how you categorize similar transactions across all three apps - if you call something "utilities" in one app, use the same terminology in the others. The IRS is looking for patterns that suggest business income, not legitimate personal reimbursements.

@Sean Doyle Most modern tax software like TurboTax can handle this situation, though it might not be immediately obvious how. When you enter your 1099-K information, the software will ask about the nature of the payments. You ll'want to indicate that portions were personal reimbursements rather than business income. TurboTax has gotten better at handling payment app reporting - they ll'typically walk you through questions like Did "you receive money that wasn t'actually income? and" let you subtract those amounts. Just make sure you keep detailed records of which transactions were roommate reimbursements versus any actual income. That said, if your situation is complex with multiple apps and varying amounts, it might be worth consulting a tax pro for your first year dealing with 1099-Ks. Once you see how they handle it, you ll'be more confident doing it yourself in future years. I never got any follow-up from the IRS. I think having clear documentation consistent (monthly rent transfers, matching landlord payments, lease showing co-tenancy made) it pretty straightforward for them to verify if they ever looked into it.

@Sean Doyle Most tax software including TurboTax can handle this situation, but you ll'need to manually enter the adjustments. Look for sections like Other "Income or" Additional "Income to" report the 1099-K amount, then find Adjustments "to Income or" Other "Adjustments to" subtract the non-taxable portions. The key is keeping detailed records for each roommate and payment app. Since you re'using multiple apps with varying utility amounts, I d'recommend creating a monthly spreadsheet showing: 1 (total) received from each roommate by app, 2 (what) portion was rent vs utilities, 3 (your) corresponding payments to landlord/utility companies. Never got any IRS follow-up questions, but I think that s'because the paper trail was crystal clear. With multiple roommates and apps, your situation is a bit more complex, so consider having a tax professional review it at least the first year to make sure you re'reporting everything correctly.

Great question about the tax software! Most major tax programs like TurboTax, H&R Block, and FreeTaxUSA can handle this situation. When you get to the 1099-K section, the software will ask if any of the reported income was from personal transactions or reimbursements. You can then enter those amounts as non-taxable, and it automatically calculates the adjustment on Schedule 1. However, given that you're dealing with multiple apps and varying amounts for utilities, I'd honestly recommend consulting with a tax professional for at least the first year you deal with this. They can show you exactly how to categorize everything and set up a system for future years. After that, you'll know the process and can probably handle it yourself. The IRS never followed up on my adjustments because the documentation was solid. The key is keeping those monthly screenshots and having a clear pattern that shows legitimate cost-sharing rather than trying to hide actual income. With three roommates and multiple apps, just make sure you're extra diligent about labeling transactions clearly - "March utilities - Sean's portion" or "March rent - Sean's share" makes the purpose obvious.

Most tax software including TurboTax can handle this situation, though it might not be immediately obvious where to put it. In TurboTax, when you enter your 1099-K, there's usually a section that asks about "non-taxable" portions or "personal transactions" - that's where you'd deduct the roommate reimbursements. The key is having good records like Connor mentioned. With multiple roommates using different apps, I'd suggest creating a simple monthly spreadsheet showing: (1) what each person sent you and through which app, (2) your total outgoing payments for rent/utilities, and (3) screenshots from each app clearly labeled with what the payment was for. Since your utilities vary by usage, make sure those transactions have clear descriptions too - something like "March electric bill - Sean's portion" rather than just "utilities." The more specific the better if you ever need to explain the transactions. I haven't had any follow-up questions from the IRS, but I think that's because the documentation makes it obvious these are cost-sharing arrangements between roommates rather than income. The fact that you're using multiple apps might actually help since it shows an organic pattern of people just using whatever payment method is convenient, rather than a business setup.

Most major tax software like TurboTax can handle this situation, though it might not be immediately obvious where to enter it. You'll typically find it under "Other Income" where you report the 1099-K amount, then look for "Adjustments to Income" or "Other Adjustments" to subtract the non-taxable portions. That said, with multiple roommates and varying utility amounts, you might want to consider consulting a tax professional for at least the first year to make sure you're doing it correctly. They can show you exactly where to make these entries, and then you'll know for future years. The IRS never followed up on my adjustments - I think having clear documentation (screenshots, lease agreement, consistent patterns) made it obvious these were legitimate personal reimbursements rather than unreported income. The key is being able to show the money went right back out to pay the actual expenses. For your varying utility splits, I'd recommend keeping even more detailed records - maybe a monthly summary showing how much each roommate paid you, what the total utility bills were, and your payments to each utility company. The clearer the paper trail, the better.

Most tax software like TurboTax can handle this, but you'll need to know where to look. In TurboTax, when you enter your 1099-K, it should ask about the nature of the payments. There's usually an option for "personal transactions" or "non-business payments" where you can exclude the roommate reimbursements. The key is being able to explain what those excluded amounts were if asked. I'd recommend keeping a simple spreadsheet showing each roommate's monthly payments, the purpose (rent vs utilities), and the corresponding outgoing payments to landlords/utility companies. Since you're dealing with multiple apps and varying amounts for utilities, documentation becomes even more important. Consider asking roommates to include clear descriptions like "March rent - Sean's portion" or "Electric bill split - February" in their payment notes. I never heard back from the IRS about my adjustments, but I think that's because the pattern was so clear - consistent monthly rent amounts and matching payments to the landlord made it obvious this was cost-sharing, not income generation.

@Sean Doyle Most tax software including TurboTax can handle this, but you might need to use their forms "mode or" advanced "section" rather than the basic interview. Look for Schedule 1 and the section about Other "Income where" you d'report the 1099-K amount, then Adjustments "to Income where" you d'subtract the non-taxable portions. That said, with multiple roommates and varying amounts, you might want to consider a professional for the first year just to make sure it s'done correctly. They can show you exactly how it s'reported so you can handle it yourself in future years. I never got any follow-up from the IRS, but I think that s'because the documentation was so clear. With your situation being more complex multiple (apps, varying amounts ,)I d'definitely recommend keeping even more detailed records - maybe a monthly spreadsheet showing what each roommate paid you, what bills those payments covered, and your outgoing payments for those same bills. The key is showing the IRS that you re'just the middleman "collecting" and paying shared expenses, not earning income from your roommates.

Most modern tax software like TurboTax can handle this situation, but you'll need to know where to input the adjustments. In TurboTax, when it asks about your 1099-K, you'll report the full amount, then look for the section about "personal transactions" or "non-business payments" where you can deduct the roommate reimbursements. That said, with multiple roommates using different apps, you might want to consider a tax pro for the first year just to make sure everything's done correctly. They can show you exactly how to handle it, and then you'll know the process for future years. As for IRS follow-up - I never heard anything back after filing. The key is having that documentation ready (which it sounds like Connor did perfectly). With varying utility amounts, just make sure you're keeping records of who paid what and when, plus evidence that you're paying the full amounts to the actual service providers. One suggestion for your multi-app situation: consider consolidating to one app if possible. Having roommate payments scattered across Cash App, Venmo, AND PayPal could make record-keeping more complex and potentially trigger multiple 1099-Ks.

Most major tax software like TurboTax, H&R Block, and FreeTaxUSA can handle this situation! When you input your 1099-K, the software will typically ask questions about whether all the income reported is taxable. You can then specify that portions were personal reimbursements. In TurboTax specifically, when you enter the 1099-K, it will walk you through categorizing different types of payments. There's usually an option for "personal reimbursements" or "non-taxable transactions." The software will then properly report the gross amount but adjust your taxable income accordingly. That said, with multiple roommates and varying amounts, keeping detailed records becomes even more important. I'd suggest creating a simple monthly spreadsheet showing: roommate name, amount received, what it was for (rent vs utilities), and the date. Screenshots of each transaction with clear descriptions are your best friend. I never got any follow-up from the IRS, but I think that's because my documentation was straightforward - same amounts monthly, clear descriptions, and obvious personal reimbursement pattern. Your situation with varying utility splits might benefit from extra documentation showing the actual utility bills and how you calculated each person's share. The key is being able to show a clear money trail that demonstrates you're just collecting and passing along shared expenses, not earning income.

Most tax software including TurboTax can handle this situation, though it might not be immediately obvious where to enter it. In TurboTax, you'd report the 1099-K under "Other Income" but then look for sections about "Income adjustments" or "Other deductions" to offset the non-taxable portions. That said, if you're dealing with multiple apps and varying amounts, it might be worth consulting a tax professional at least for the first year to make sure you get it right. The cost of a consultation could save you headaches if the IRS has questions later. To answer your second question - I never heard anything back from the IRS after filing. I think having clear documentation (consistent monthly payments, matching outgoing rent payments, lease agreement showing co-tenancy) made it pretty straightforward for them to verify if they had reviewed it. The key is being able to show a clear money trail: roommate payment in → full rent payment out, with amounts and timing that make sense for cost-sharing rather than income generation. Since you're dealing with multiple roommates and apps, I'd especially recommend keeping a monthly spreadsheet tracking all incoming payments by roommate and app, then your single outgoing payment for rent + utilities. Makes the "pass-through" nature crystal clear.

Most major tax software including TurboTax can handle this situation, though it might not be immediately obvious where to enter it. In TurboTax, you'd report the 1099-K income first, then look for the section on "Other Income" adjustments or deductions where you can subtract the non-taxable portions with a description like "Personal reimbursements - not taxable income." However, given that you have multiple roommates using different apps with varying amounts, I'd honestly recommend consulting with a tax professional at least for this first year. The documentation requirements become more complex when you have irregular amounts and multiple payment sources. A CPA can help ensure you're categorizing everything correctly and show you exactly how to handle it for future years. To answer your second question - I never heard back from the IRS after filing. The key was having that clear paper trail showing money in from roommates immediately followed by money out to the landlord for the full amount. Since you have varying utility splits, make sure you're keeping detailed records of what each payment was for (rent vs utilities vs groceries, etc.) so you can properly categorize everything if needed.

Most major tax software like TurboTax can handle the 1099-K reporting and adjustments, but you might need to upgrade from the basic version to one that includes Schedule 1. The process is pretty straightforward - you enter the 1099-K amount as "other income" then subtract the non-taxable portions as adjustments. With multiple roommates and varying utility amounts, I'd suggest keeping even more detailed records than I did. Create a monthly summary showing: incoming payments from each roommate (with screenshots), what each payment was for, and your outgoing payments to landlord/utility companies. The more documentation you have showing these are legitimate cost-sharing arrangements, the better. I never got any follow-up from the IRS, but I think that's because my situation was simpler - just one roommate with consistent monthly amounts. With your more complex setup involving multiple people and varying utilities, having rock-solid documentation will be even more important. Consider adding a simple note in your records each month explaining any unusual amounts (like higher electric bills in summer).

Good news - TurboTax and most other tax software can definitely handle this! When you enter your 1099-K, the software will ask if any of the income was from personal transactions like reimbursements. You can then input the total amount that was non-taxable (your roommate payments) and it'll automatically create the proper adjustment on Schedule 1. I never got any follow-up from the IRS, but I think that's because the documentation was so clear-cut. The key is that rent reimbursements are one of the most common and well-understood types of non-taxable transfers, especially when you have a lease showing multiple tenants. For your situation with multiple apps and varying utility amounts, I'd recommend keeping a simple monthly spreadsheet showing: roommate name, app used, amount, purpose (rent vs utilities), and date. Then track your outgoing payments to landlord/utility companies. The pattern of money coming in and immediately going out for housing expenses makes it obvious these aren't profit-generating transactions. The varying utility amounts actually help your case since it shows these are legitimate cost-sharing arrangements rather than fixed "rental income" payments.

Most major tax software including TurboTax can handle the Schedule 1 adjustments for 1099-K reporting, but it's not always intuitive to find. In TurboTax, you'll look for the section on "Other Income" where you report the 1099-K, then later there's an "Adjustments to Income" section where you can deduct the non-taxable portions. That said, with multiple roommates and varying utility amounts, you might want to consider a professional for at least the first year to make sure you're doing it correctly. The complexity increases when amounts aren't consistent and you're using multiple payment apps. I never got any follow-up from the IRS, but I think that's because my situation was straightforward - same amount monthly, clear descriptions, and matching outgoing payments. Your situation with variable utilities might need more detailed documentation showing how each payment relates to actual shared expenses. @5d145238c1e0 might have additional insights since they went through the professional route initially.

@Sean Doyle Most major tax software including TurboTax can handle this situation, but you ll'want to make sure you re'using a version that includes Schedule 1 usually (Deluxe or higher .)When you enter your 1099-K, the software will ask about the nature of the payments, and there should be options to indicate personal reimbursements or non-taxable transactions. I never received any follow-up from the IRS, but I think that s'because the documentation was so clear-cut. The key is showing a consistent pattern - same amounts monthly for rent, varying amounts for utilities that correspond to actual bills, and matching outgoing payments to landlords/utility companies. For your multi-app situation, I d'recommend creating a simple monthly spreadsheet that consolidates everything: Date | Roommate | App Used | Amount | Purpose | Corresponding Outgoing Payment. This creates a clean paper trail across all platforms that would be easy to explain if ever questioned. One thing to watch with utilities - make sure you re'keeping copies of the actual utility bills to show the varying amounts are legitimate cost-sharing, not arbitrary payments that could be misconstrued as income.

Most tax software including TurboTax can handle this situation, though it might not be immediately obvious where to enter it. In TurboTax, you'd report the 1099-K income in the "Other Income" section, then look for "Other adjustments to income" or similar wording to subtract out the non-taxable portions. That said, if you're dealing with multiple payment apps and varying amounts, it might be worth consulting a tax professional for at least the first year to make sure you're doing it correctly. They can show you exactly how to handle it, and then you'll know the process for future years. As for IRS follow-up - I never heard anything back after filing. I think the key was having everything well-documented upfront. The fact that you're splitting with three roommates through different apps actually makes your documentation even more important, but also makes it clearer that this is legitimate cost-sharing rather than business income. I'd definitely recommend keeping detailed records of who sends what each month, especially for those variable utility splits. Screenshots with clear descriptions will be your best friend if anyone ever questions the transactions.

@Sean Doyle TurboTax and most major tax software can handle this situation - you don t'necessarily need a professional. When you get to the section for reporting 1099-Ks, you ll'enter the full amount, then there s'usually a section to explain adjustments or exclusions for non-taxable portions. The key is being able to clearly document what portions were personal reimbursements. With multiple roommates and varying utility amounts, I d'suggest keeping a monthly spreadsheet showing: 1 (what) each person sent you and for what rent (vs utilities ,)2 (the) actual bills you paid rent (to landlord, utility companies ,)and 3 (screenshots) of the payment app transactions. For varying utility amounts, make sure the payment descriptions are specific - like March "electricity - Sean s'share rather" than just utilities. "This" shows the amounts correspond to actual shared expenses rather than arbitrary payments. I never got follow-up questions from the IRS, but I think that s'because the documentation made it obvious these were legitimate cost-sharing arrangements between co-tenants, not income-generating activities. The consistent patterns same (rent amount monthly, utility payments that match actual bills help) establish legitimacy.

Most modern tax software like TurboTax can handle this situation, though it might require some manual entry. When you get to the 1099-K section, you'll typically see options to explain why some amounts aren't taxable income. Look for sections about "personal transactions" or "non-business payments." That said, with multiple roommates and varying utility amounts, you might benefit from professional help the first year just to make sure it's done correctly. A tax preparer can show you exactly how they handle it, then you'll know the process for future years. From my experience, the IRS didn't follow up because the documentation was solid and the deductions were clearly explained. The key is consistency - if you're deducting roommate reimbursements, make sure you have records for ALL of them, not just some. Keep those screenshots and payment records for at least 3 years in case of any questions. For the varying utility amounts, I'd suggest keeping a simple monthly summary showing what each roommate paid you and what bills you paid out - utilities, internet, etc. This creates a clear trail showing money in = money out for shared expenses.