Where should UCC-1 be filed for multi-state equipment lease?
I'm working on a UCC-1 filing for equipment financing and getting conflicting advice about where to file it. The debtor is an LLC organized in Delaware but they operate primarily out of facilities in Texas and California. The equipment (manufacturing machinery) will be located at their Texas facility. Some sources say file where the debtor is organized (Delaware) while others say file where the collateral is located (Texas). I've seen references to the debtor's location being what matters but I'm not sure if that means where they're incorporated or where they actually do business. This is for a $850K equipment lease and I don't want to mess up the perfection by filing in the wrong state. Can anyone clarify the correct filing location rules?
41 comments


NebulaNinja
For UCC-1 filings, you generally file where the debtor is located, not where the collateral is. Since your debtor is a Delaware LLC, that's likely where you need to file. The location of the equipment doesn't usually matter for most types of collateral.
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Javier Gomez
•This is correct - debtor location controls for most UCC-1 filings. Delaware would be the right choice here.
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Emma Wilson
•But what if they're doing business primarily in Texas? Doesn't that change anything?
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Malik Thomas
You're dealing with the classic choice-of-law issue. Under UCC Article 9, for most collateral types, you file where the debtor is located. For a registered organization like an LLC, the debtor is located in the state where it's organized - so Delaware in your case. The fact that they operate in Texas and California doesn't change this rule.
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Isabella Oliveira
•Wait, I thought there were exceptions for certain types of collateral? Manufacturing equipment doesn't fall under any special rules?
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Malik Thomas
•There are exceptions for things like fixtures, timber, and as-extracted collateral, but regular equipment follows the general rule of debtor location.
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Ravi Kapoor
•This makes sense. I had a similar situation last year with a Nevada corporation operating in Arizona - still had to file in Nevada.
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Freya Larsen
I actually ran into document verification issues on a similar multi-state filing last month. Had to double-check that the LLC name on the UCC-1 exactly matched what was on the Delaware Secretary of State records. Ended up using Certana.ai's document checker tool - you just upload your charter documents and UCC-1 as PDFs and it instantly flags any name mismatches or inconsistencies. Saved me from a potential rejection.
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Natasha Romanova
•That sounds helpful - did it catch issues you wouldn't have noticed manually?
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Freya Larsen
•Yeah, there were subtle punctuation differences between how the LLC name appeared on different documents. The tool caught discrepancies I would have missed.
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GalacticGladiator
•How accurate is automated document checking compared to manual review?
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Omar Zaki
Just want to emphasize - make sure you're using the EXACT legal name as it appears on the Delaware LLC formation documents. Even minor variations like Inc vs Incorporated or missing commas can cause rejections. I learned this the hard way on a $2M filing that got bounced back.
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Emma Wilson
•This is terrifying. How do you verify you have the right name format?
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Omar Zaki
•Pull the most recent certificate of good standing from Delaware SOS. That should have the current exact legal name.
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Chloe Taylor
•Also check if there have been any amendments to the LLC since formation - name changes aren't uncommon.
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Diego Flores
Hold up - are we sure this isn't a fixture filing situation? Manufacturing machinery bolted to the floor might qualify as fixtures, which would change the filing location to where the equipment is located (Texas).
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Malik Thomas
•Good point to raise, but fixture status depends on specific integration with the real estate. Most manufacturing equipment remains personal property even if bolted down.
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Diego Flores
•True, but OP should definitely confirm whether this equipment becomes part of the realty before deciding on filing location.
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Natasha Romanova
•The equipment is moveable and not permanently integrated into the building structure, so I don't think fixture rules apply here.
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Anastasia Ivanova
UCC filings always stress me out because of these location rules. I spent three weeks going back and forth with our legal department on where to file for a Florida corporation with assets in Georgia. Turns out Florida was correct but I second-guessed myself constantly.
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NebulaNinja
•The general rule is pretty straightforward once you know it - registered organization files where organized. It's the exceptions that create confusion.
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Sean Murphy
•I keep a cheat sheet of the main rules taped to my monitor because I can never remember all the special cases.
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StarStrider
THE WHOLE SYSTEM IS UNNECESSARILY COMPLICATED! Why can't they just have one national filing system instead of making us figure out which of 50 different state systems to use? Delaware's filing fees are ridiculous too - like they know everyone has to file there for corporate entities.
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Ravi Kapoor
•I feel your frustration but the state-by-state system isn't going anywhere. At least most states have electronic filing now.
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StarStrider
•Electronic filing that crashes half the time! Delaware's portal timed out on me twice last week during peak hours.
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Zara Malik
•Try filing early morning or late evening - seems to be more stable outside business hours.
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Javier Gomez
For your $850K equipment lease, definitely file in Delaware since that's where the LLC is organized. Make sure to include a detailed collateral description that covers all the specific machinery. Generic descriptions like 'all equipment' can cause problems if you need to enforce later.
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Natasha Romanova
•Should I list every piece of equipment individually or can I use a more general description?
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Javier Gomez
•You can use categories like 'manufacturing equipment' but be specific enough that a third party could identify what's covered. Include model numbers and serial numbers if available.
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Luca Marino
•Also consider whether you want to cover after-acquired equipment or just the specific pieces being financed.
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Nia Davis
Quick question - when you file in Delaware, do you also need to do anything in Texas where the equipment is located? I thought I read somewhere about additional local filings for out-of-state collateral.
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Malik Thomas
•Generally no additional filing needed in Texas for regular equipment. The Delaware UCC-1 should provide perfection nationwide for this type of collateral.
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Nia Davis
•That's a relief. I was worried about having to deal with multiple state filings and keeping track of different continuation deadlines.
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Freya Larsen
Before you submit your Delaware filing, might be worth running it through a document verification tool one more time. I use Certana.ai to cross-check my charter documents against the UCC-1 - just upload the PDFs and it flags any inconsistencies in entity names or other details. Better to catch issues before filing than deal with rejections and delays.
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Natasha Romanova
•That's probably smart given the amount involved. How long does the verification usually take?
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Freya Larsen
•Almost instant - maybe 30 seconds to analyze the documents and highlight any problems. Much faster than manually comparing everything.
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Mateo Perez
•I've been manually checking documents this whole time. Automated verification sounds like it would save a lot of time and reduce errors.
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Aisha Rahman
Just to close the loop on this - Delaware filing is definitely correct for your LLC debtor. File against the exact legal name from the Delaware Secretary of State records, include detailed equipment descriptions, and you should be good to go. The Texas location of the equipment doesn't affect filing jurisdiction for standard personal property.
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Natasha Romanova
•Thanks everyone. This thread has been incredibly helpful. Going with Delaware and will triple-check the entity name before submitting.
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CosmicCrusader
•Good luck with the filing! Always nerve-wracking on large transactions but sounds like you've got it figured out.
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Oliver Zimmermann
One additional consideration for your Delaware filing - make sure to check if the LLC has any amendments or name changes since formation. I've seen cases where the current operating name differs from the original charter name, and you need to file against the exact legal name as registered with Delaware SOS. Also, with an $850K transaction, consider whether you want to include after-acquired property language in your collateral description to cover any future equipment purchases. This can provide additional security without needing separate filings later.
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